CHECKLIST OF THE ANTS OF MICHIGAN
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

George C. Wheeler[1], Jeanette N. Wheeler[2], and Paul B. Kannowski[3]

[1]Deceased.,[2]Research Associates, Florida State Collection of Arthropods. Address: 3338 NE 58th Avenue, Silver Springs, FL 34488-9464.
[3]Adjunct Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. Address: Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9019.

(NOTE: This document has been slightly modified for the WWW from its original appearance in Vol.26, No. 1 of the Great Lakes Entomologist, pp. 297-310, 1994.)

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION RESULTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LITERATURE CITED

PONERINAE MYRMICINAE DOLICHODERINAE FORMICINAE





ABSTRACT

A total of 113 species of ants is recorded by county from the state of Michigan. The list is based upon literature records and specimens in the authors' collections and those of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology and the Michigan State University Department of Entomology. The list includes 3 species in Ponerinae, 44 in Myrmicinae, 6 in Dolichoderinae, and 60 in Formicinae. Ten species represent new state records. Five distribution patterns are evident: statewide (39 species), southern counties only (5), southern 3/4th of Lower Peninsula (10), Lower Peninsula (17), and Upper Peninsula (2). Forty species have been collected too infrequently to determine the distribution within the state.

INTRODUCTION

The earliest record of ants collected in Michigan is W. M. Wheeler's (1905) description of Formica impexa, collected by O. McCreary in 1902 "on the Porcupine Mountains in northern Michigan" (Ontonagon County). This is the first of five species described from the state. In 1909 W. M. Wheeler described Formica adamsi from Isle Royale (Keweenaw County), collected in 1908. The specimens collected by C. C. Adams, H. A. Gleason, and Otto McCreary from Isle Royale and the Porcupine Mountains in the Upper Peninsula are in the collection of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan.

F. M. Gaige, curator of insects at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, was the first myrmecologist to live and work in Michigan. In 1910 he collected ants on Charity Island (Arenac County) and published a list of 20 species in 1914. He also published (1916) a list of 15 species from Whitefish Point (Chippewa County) that were collected in 1914 by N. A. Wood. Twenty eight species are represented in these two studies. Gaige also collected extensively in Schoolcraft and Washtenaw counties but did not publish these studies.

Mary Talbot (1934) included species in extreme southwestern Michigan as part of a study of the ecology of ants in the region around Chicago, Illinois. In 1945 and for several years thereafter she studied the ecology of certain ants at the University of Michigan Biological Station in Cheboygan County (Talbot 1946, 1948). For 25 summers between 1951 and 1980 Talbot conducted research on the ants of the Edwin S. George Reserve in Livingston County. From the research on this 514 ha (1268 acre) sanctuary of the University of Michigan she published 20 articles including a list of the 87 species found on the Reserve (1975b). She collected three new species of ants: Formica gynocrates Snelling and Buren (1985), Formica talbotae Wilson (1976), and Monomorium talbotae DuBois (1981). In addition, a specimen that Talbot collected at the Reserve was selected by Wing (1968) as a neotype for Acanthomyops latipes. There are probably other species that will be described from her collections at the Reserve.

In a study of the ants of the Chicago area Gregg (1944) found 95 species, of which 30 were from Berrien and St. Joseph counties, Michigan. Taxonomic revisions by Creighton (1940), Francoeur (1973), Smith (1947, 1952), Weber (1948,1950), Wheeler (1910a, 1910b, 1913, 1915), Wilson (1955), and Wing (1968) recorded species from Michigan. Behavioral studies by Groskin (1944) and Kannowski (1957, 1958, 1959a, 1959b, 1959c, 1967, 1970; Kannowski and Kannowski, 1957) were based upon species observed in Michigan.

The list is based upon literature records and 4,692 collections: 2,382 in the Division of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; 926 in the Department of Entomology, Michigan State University; 1,244 in the Kannowski collection; and 140 in the Wheeler collection. The specimens in the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Kannowski collections were identified by P. B. Kannowski between March 1989 and December 1992; the specimens in the Wheeler collection were checked by Jeanette Wheeler in 1991. Mary Talbot's collection, which is now in the Department of Biology at the University of Missouri - St. Louis, was not checked. However, there is a nearly complete synoptic collection of her records from the E. S. George Reserve in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, which was checked. Two species (Harpagoxenus canadensis and Smithistruma ornata) have been included based upon the citation of Michigan as a locality by M. R. Smith (1951 for H. canadensis; 1967 for S. ornata). David Smith (personal communication, 1991) has been unable to locate the counties or the sources of those records.

Some of the species names used in the literature referenced in this study are either synonyms or misidentifications. There are also several specimens in the Michigan State University collection that were collected by R. R. Dreisbach that appear to be incorrectly labelled. All suspect records have been omitted in this compilation. However, the specimens on which the studies by Gaige (1914, 1916) and Wheeler (1909) were based are in the collection at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. These were re-identified and incorporated into the list.

TOP

RESULTS

A total of 113 species has been identified from the state. There is at least one record from each county, with four counties (Antrim, Genesee, Houghton, and Menominee) having only a single record each . The most intensively collected counties (Livingston and Washtenaw) are located in the southeastern region of the state. All 88 records for Livingston County are the species recorded by Talbot (1975), with adjustments for recent taxonomic changes. Washtenaw County has many species (67) because four myrmecologists (F. M. Gaige, P. B. Kannowski, and G. C. and J. N. Wheeler) collected there while they were associated with the University of Michigan. Cheboygan County at the northern end of the Lower Peninsula has the third highest number of species (57) due to the collections of P. B. Kannowski, M. Talbot, and G. C. and J. N. Wheeler in the vicinity of the University of Michigan Biological Station.

Ten species are recorded for the first time from Michigan: Aphaenogaster mariae, Formica argentea, F. fossaceps, F. prociliata, F. querquetulana, Harpagoxenus americanus, Lasius subumbratus, Monomorium pharaonis, Myrmica alaskensis and Tetramorium caespitum.

The most frequently collected species is Tapinoma sessile, which has been recorded from 65 of the 83 counties. Other species that have been collected in a large proportion of the counties include Camponotus noveboracensis (62), Lasius alienus (54), Crematogaster cerasi (52), Camponotus pennsylvanicus (52), and Formica subsericea (51).

There are five patterns for distribution within the state. Thirty nine species can be found throughout the state. Most of these are forest-dwelling species that find suitable habitats in all parts of the state. A few, such as Myrmica americana and Lasius neoniger, commonly occur in open habitats throughout the state. Five species have distributions limited to the southernmost counties of the Lower Peninsula. Four of these are forest species that are near the northern limits of their distribution; the fifth species, Pheidole bicarinata, is limited to sand dunes, which have limited occurrence in southern Michigan. Another 10 occur only in the lower 2/3rds to 3/4ths of the Lower Peninsula, while 17 others occur throughout the Lower Peninsula. Some of these, i. e., Aphaenogaster tennesseensis, Camponotus americanus, and Formica schaufussi, are species that occur primarily in more southern regions and reach their northern limits near the upper end of the Lower Peninsula. Others may be limited by weak flights from traversing the Straits of Mackinac. Only two species (Camponotus herculeanus and Formica podzolica) live primarily in the Upper Peninsula. These are boreal species that have not extended very far below the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula, even though suitable habitat is available. Forty one species have been collected too infrequently to establish their distributions.

According to Smith 1979 (and some more recent authors), the North American ranges of 73 species of Michigan ants are intraneous. One species (Monomorium talbotae) is endemic; one (Monomorium pharaonis) is introduced. One species is near its southern limit in Michigan, 19 reach their northern limits, 8 their eastern limits and 5 their western limits. For five species we have too little information to designate ranges.

Ecologically, Michigan is divided broadly into Deciduous Forest Biome in the southern portion and Ecotone (between Deciduous and Coniferous Forest Biomes) in the northern portion.

The list that follows is organized by subfamilies following the arrangement in Creighton (1950). Within each subfamily the genera and species are listed alphabetically. Localities are listed by counties in alphabetical sequence. Information on nests and habitats, unless bracketed by parentheses, is based upon Michigan collections.


TOP

SUBFAMILY PONERINAE


Amblyopone pallipes (Haldeman). In rotting logs in moist woods. Baraga, Livingston, Midland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Ponera pennsylvanica Buckley. In rotting logs in woods. Alcona, Arenac, Barry, Berrien, Cass, Cheboygan, Clinton, Delta, Emmet, Gladwin, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Iron, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Midland, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Proceratium silaceum Roger. In soft rotting logs in woods. Livingston.

SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE


Aphaenogaster fulva Roger. In logs or stumps in woods. Livingston.

Aphaenogaster mariae Forel. Oakland.

Aphaenogaster rudis (Emery). In logs or stumps in woods. Arenac, Berrien, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Crawford, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Leelanau, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Aphaenogaster tennesseensis (Mayr). In hard wood of logs and stumps in woods. Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Cass, Grand Traverse, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Lake, Leelanau, Livingston, Manistee, Midland, Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Ottawa, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Aphaenogaster treatae Forel. In soil in grassy fields. Livingston.

Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch). In logs and stumps in dense woods. Alcona, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Bay, Berrien, Branch, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Crawford, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Midland, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Ogemaw, Osceola, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Crematogaster lineolata (Say). In logs and stumps in open woods. Bay, Berrien, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Manistee, Midland, Montmorency, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Formicoxenus hirticornis (Emery). (Previously recorded as Leptothorax hirticornis.) Xenobiotic in nests of Formica obscuripes. Livingston.

Formicoxenus provancheri (Emery). (Previously recorded as Leptothorax provancheri.) Xenobiotic in nests of Myrmica lobifrons. Cheboygan.

Harpagoxenus americanus (Emery). St. Joseph.

Harpagoxenus canadensis M.R. Smith. (Dulotic on Leptothorax muscorum.) "Michigan".

Leptothorax ambiguus Emery. In acorns and other plant cavities in open woods and woods edges. Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Cheboygan, Clinton, Crawford, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Ionia, Isabella, Lenawee, Livingston, Mackinac, Midland, Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. In acorns and twigs in open woods. Berrien, Hillsdale, Ingham, Kalamazoo, Livingston, St. Joseph, Van Buren, Washtenaw.

Leptothorax duloticus Wesson. Dulotic on Leptothorax ambiguus, L. curvispinosus and L. longispinosus. Livingston, Washtenaw.

Leptothorax longispinosus Roger. In logs or stumps in moist woods. Berrien, Cheboygan, Ingham, Lapeer, Livingston, Midland, Newaygo, Washtenaw.

Leptothorax muscorum (Nylander). Under bark and in twigs in swamps and bogs. Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Delta, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Montcalm, Osceola, Oscoda, Roscommon, Saginaw, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Leptothorax schaumi Roger. Under bark in woods. Livingston.

Leptothorax texanus Wheeler. In soil in sandy areas. Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Roscommon, Wayne.

Monomorium minimum (Buckley). In soil in dry grassy areas. Alcona, Allegan, Berrien, Crawford, Lenawee, Livingston, Midland, Newaygo, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus). Introduced; from buildings in: Ingham, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Monomorium talbotae DuBois. Inquiline in nests of Monomorium minimum. Livingston.

Myrmecina americana Emery. In logs and stumps in moist woods. Berrien, Ingham, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Marquette, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler. In soil in moist woods. Keweenaw.

Myrmica americana Weber. In soil in grasslands. Alcona, Allegan, Arenac, Bay, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Clinton, Emmet, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Myrmica brevispinosa Wheeler. In soil in sand dunes and ridges. Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Iron, Keweenaw, Mackinac, Presque Isle, Schoolcraft.

Myrmica detritinodis Emery. (Previously recorded as M. emeryana Forel, in part.) In logs and stumps in moist woods. Alcona, Alger, Arenac, Bay, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Keweenaw, Lake, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Midland, Montmorency, Oakland, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Myrmica fracticornis Emery. In soil hummocks in edges of marshes and in sedge hummocks in marshes. Alcona, Bay, Berrien, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac, Midland, Montmorency, Ontonagon, Osceola, Presque Isle, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Myrmica incompleta Provancher. In soil and moss hummocks in bogs and swamps. Alcona, Alger, Arenac, Benzie, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Gogebic, Iosco, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Oakland, Presque Isle, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Myrmica lobifrons Pergande. (Previously recorded as M. fracticornis, in part. Recorded as "M. species A" in Kannowski, 1959a.) In moss hummocks in bogs and swamps. Cheboygan, Livingston, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Myrmica nearctica Weber. (Previously recorded as M. monticola Wheeler.) Under bark of logs and stumps in woods. Cheboygan, Emmet, Livingston, Marquette, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft.

Myrmica pinetorum Wheeler. In soil in mesic woods. Livingston.

Myrmica punctiventris Roger. In soil in mesic woods. Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Cheboygan, Clinton, Huron, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Myrmica species 1. (Previously recorded as M. emeryana, in part.) In soil in low fields and mesic woods. Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Myrmica species 2. (Recorded by Talbot 1975b as M. spatulata M.R. Smith.) In soil in dry woods. Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Washtenaw.

Pheidole bicarinata Mayr. In soil in sand dunes and ridges. Arenac, Berrien, St. Joseph.

Smithistruma ornata (Mayr). "Michigan".

Smithistruma pergandei (Emery). In logs or soil in woods. Livingston.

Smithistruma pulchella (Emery). In woods. Livingston.

Solenopsis molesta (Say). In soil in grasslands. Alcona, Arenac, Berrien, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Livingston, Midland, Monroe, Oakland, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Stenamma brevicorne (Mayr). In soil in open woods. Arenac, Berrien, Eaton, Ingham, Livingston, Osceola, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Sanilac, Shiawassee, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Stenamma diecki Emery. In soil in moist woods. Alger, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Marquette, Montmorency, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Stenamma impar Forel. In soil in moist woods. Cheboygan, Livingston, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Stenamma schmitti Wheeler. In soil in moist woods. Livingston, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus). Introduced; in soil in urban areas. Ingham, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.
TOP

SUBFAMILY DOLICHODERINAE


Conomyrma grandula (Forel). (Recorded as Dorymyrmex pyramicus (Roger) by Talbot, 1975b.) In soil in sandy ridges. Livingston.

Dolichoderus mariae Forel. In domes of plant fragments and soil in marshes and swamps. Berrien, Cheboygan, Ingham, Livingston, Manistee, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Dolichoderus plagiatus (Mayr). In hollow twigs and curled leaves in woods and woods edges. Bay, Cheboygan, Dickinson, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Huron, Iosco, Lake, Livingston, Midland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Dolichoderus pustulatus Mayr. In hollow stems and curled leaves in bogs and swamps. Alcona, Cass, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Livingston, Montcalm, Oscoda, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr). In domes of plant fragments and soil in woods edges. Cheboygan, Crawford, Delta, Gogebic, Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Montcalm, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Schoolcraft, Van Buren, Wexford.

Tapinoma sessile (Say). In soil, under bark and in dead plant cavities in diverse habitats. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Antrim, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Benzie, Berrien, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Luce, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

TOP

SUBFAMILY FORMICINAE


Acanthomyops claviger (Roger). In and/or under stumps and logs or under rocks in woods or the edges of fields. Arenac, Berrien, Cheboygan, Clinton, Crawford, Hillsdale, Ingham, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Monroe, Muskegon, Oakland, Ogemaw, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Acanthomyops interjectus (Mayr). In stumps, logs and soil in woods. Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Monroe, Oakland, Oscoda, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Acanthomyops latipes (Walsh). Temporary social parasite on Lasius neoniger. In soil of grassy habitats. Alcona, Barry, Berrien, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Delta, Huron, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Marquette, Ogemaw, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Acanthomyops murphyi (Forel). Temporary social parasite on Lasius neoniger. Under rocks and in soil of grassy habitats. Barry, Kalamazoo, Livingston.

Acanthomyops plumopilosus (Buren). Washtenaw.

Acanthomyops subglaber (Emery). Under rocks in woods. Arenac, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Livingston.

Brachymyrmex depilis Emery. In soil in grasslands and woods. Alger, Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Livingston, Montmorency, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Camponotus americanus Mayr. In soil in grasslands and woods. Allegan, Charlevoix, Iosco, Livingston, Midland, Washtenaw.

Camponotus caryae (Fitch). In twigs and branches in woods. Livingston.

Camponotus ferrugineus (Fabricius). In logs and stumps in woods. Berrien, Hillsdale, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Camponotus herculeanus (Linnaeus). In logs and stumps in woods. Alger, Baraga, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Schoolcraft.

Camponotus nearcticus Emery. In twigs and branches and under bark in woods. Alger, Allegan, Baraga, Bay, Berrien, Chippewa, Clinton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Monroe, Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ottawa, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Camponotus novaeboracensis (Fitch). In logs and stumps in moist woods. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Oakland, Oceana, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Sanilac, Schoolcraft, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer). In logs and stumps and in dead wood in living trees in dry woods. Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lake, Lenawee, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Camponotus subbarbatus Emery. In dead twigs and branches in woods. St. Joseph.

Formica argentea Wheeler. In soil of field-woods edges. Alcona, Benzie, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Iron, Keweenaw, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Montcalm, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Formica creightoni Buren. In logs and soil in woods. Livingston.

Formica dakotensis Emery. Temporary social parasite on Formica fusca group species. In soil mounds in grasslands. Cheboygan, Chippewa, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac.

Formica exsectoides Forel. In large mounds of soil in dry fields near woods. Alcona, Barry, Berrien, Chippewa, Iosco, Livingston, Mecosta, Montcalm, Oscoda, Washtenaw.

Formica fossaceps Buren. In soil in open woods. Keweenaw, Oscoda.

Formica fusca Linnaeus. In logs, stumps and soil in mesic woods. Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Dickinson, Grand Traverse, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mecosta, Newaygo, Oakland, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Formica glacialis Wheeler. In soil mounds in low, moist sites. Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Keweenaw, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Missaukee, Montcalm, Muskegon, Oakland, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.

Formica gynocrates Snelling and Buren. Dulotic on F. vinculans. In soil in dry, sparsely vegetated fields. Livingston.

Formica hewitti Wheeler. Keweenaw.

Formica impexa Wheeler. Dickinson, Marquette, Ontonagon.

Formica integra Nylander. Chippewa, Iosco, Keweenaw, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Montcalm, Muskegon, Osceola.

Formica lasioides Emery. In soil in fields and woods edges. Alger, Alpena, Bay, Benzie, Branch, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Oakland, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Formica neogagates Emery. In soil in mesic woods. Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Keweenaw, Lake, Livingston, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Montcalm, Montmorency, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Otsego, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Formica neorufibarbis Emery. In hummocks of moss in bogs. Baraga, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Gogebic, Ingham, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Formica nepticula Wheeler. Temporary social parasite on Formica fusca group species. In soil in dry woods. Livingston.

Formica obscuripes Forel. In mounds of soil and thatch in dry grasslands. Cheboygan, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mason, Newaygo, Osceola, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Formica obscuriventris Mayr. In logs, stumps and soil in woods edge and open woods. Cheboygan, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Livingston, Oakland, Oscoda, Washtenaw.

Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris Emery. In soil, often under objects, in woods and woods edges. Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Benzie, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Monroe, Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, St. Joseph, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Formica pergandei Emery. Dulotic on Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris and F. subsericea. In soil in woods edges and field edges. Alpena, Benzie, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Delta, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Iosco, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mason, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Washtenaw.

Formica podzolica Francoeur. In soil in deep woods and swamps. Alger, Alpena, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Delta, Emmet, Gogebic, Keweenaw, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Schoolcraft.

Formica prociliata Kennedy and Dennis. Grand Traverse, Iosco, Oscoda, Roscommon, Wexford.

Formica querquetulana Kennedy and Dennis. Grand Traverse.

Formica rubicunda Emery. Dulotic on Formica subsericea. In soil in woods edges and field edges. Cheboygan, Keweenaw, Livingston, Marquette, Washtenaw, Wexford.

Formica schaufussi Mayr. In soil in grasslands and field edges. Berrien, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Oscoda.

Formica subintegra Emery. Dulotic on Formica subsericea. In soil in woods edge and field borders. Baraga, Calhoun, Cheboygan, Emmet, Livingston, Washtenaw.

Formica subnuda Emery. Dulotic on Formica subsericea. In and under logs in mesic woods. Alger, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Delta, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mason, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Formica subsericea Say. In soil in grasslands, woods edge and open woods. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Benzie, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Iron, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Keweenaw, Lapeer, Lenawee, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mecosta, Menominee, Midland, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Oakland, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Formica talbotae Wilson. Workerless inquiline in mounds of Formica obscuripes. Livingston.

Formica ulkei Emery. Temporary social pareasite on Formica glacialis. In large mounds of soil in fields near water. Arenac, Berrien, Calhoun, Cass, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Kent, Livingston, Midland, Oakland, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Shiawassee, Washtenaw.

Formica vinculans Wheeler. (Previously recorded as F. neogagates, in part.) In soil in dry grasslands. Berrien, Calhoun, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Ingham, Kalkaska, Lenawee, Livingston, Mason, Montmorency, Newaygo, Oscoda, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Tuscola.

Formica whymperi adamsi Wheeler. Keweenaw, Schoolcraft.

Formica sp. (microgyna group). Temporary social parasite on Formica fusca group species. In soil in woods edge. Livingston.

Lasius alienus (Foerster). In logs and stumps and in soil in woods. Alcona, Allegan, Arenac, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Newaygo, Ogemaw, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw.

Lasius flavus (Fabricius). In soil or under rocks in grasslands and open woods. Cheboygan, Crawford, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Ingham, Jackson, Livingston, Ontonagon, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.

Lasius minutus Emery. Temporary social parasite of Lasius alienus and L. pallitarsis. In soil mounds in swamps and marshes. Arenac, Livingston, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Lasius nearcticus Wheeler. In soil under rocks and logs in mesic woods. Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Chippewa, Clinton, Emmet, Ingham, Ionia, Livingston, Marquette, Ottawa, Washtenaw.

Lasius neoniger Emery. In soil with nest entrances surrounded by craters of soil particles; in grasslands and open woods. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Dickinson, Emmet, Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Jackson, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Midland, Missaukee, Montmorency, Muskegon, Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Lasius pallitarsis (Provancher). In mounds of soil in low fields, bogs, swamps and marshes. Alger, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Schoolcraft.

Lasius speculiventris Emery. Temporary social parasite of Lasius minutus. In mounds of soil in moist woods and swamps. Hillsdale, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, Washtenaw.

Lasius subumbratus Viereck. In soil under logs in open woods. Marquette, Schoolcraft.

Lasius umbratus (Nylander). Temporary social parasite of Lasius alienus and L. pallitarsis. In soil mounds and under stumps and logs in woods and swamps. Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Berrien, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Clinton, Eaton, Gladwin, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ingham, Isabella, Lapeer, Livingston, Midland, Monroe, Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Osceola, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.

Paratrechina parvula (Mayr). In soil in woods-field edges and open woods. Allegan, Iosco, Livingston, Manistee, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.

Polyergus breviceps Emery. Dulotic on Formica subsericea. In soil mounds in grasslands. Cheboygan, Iron.

Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Dulotic on Formica pallidefulva and F. schaufussi. In soil mounds in grasslands and woods edges. Cheboygan, Livingston, Roscommon.

Prenolepis imparis (Say). In soil in a wide variety of habitats from grasslands to deep woods. Allegan, Barry, Clinton, Crawford, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Livingston, Mackinac, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Mark F. O'Brien of the University of Michigan and Fred W. Stehr and the late Roland Fischer of Michigan State University for providing access to their respective collections; André Francoeur of the Université du Québec a Chicoutimi for confirmation of the identification of samples of Formica argentea and F. podzolica and for several records and the correct names in the genus Myrmica; David R. Smith of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Systematic Entomology Laboratory for searching for the records of Harpagoxenus canadensis and Smithistruma ornata; and Roy R. Snelling of the Los Angeles County Museum for the identification of several specimens of Formica.


TOP



LITERATURE CITED

Creighton, W. S. 1940. A revision of the forms of Stigmatomma pallipes. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1079, 8 p.

_______. 1950. The ants of North America. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 104:1-585.

Du Bois, M. B. 1981. Two new species of inquilinous Monomorium from North America. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 52:31-37.

Francoeur, A. 1973. Revision taxonomique des especies nearctiques du groupe fusca, genre Formica (Formicidae, Hymenoptera). Mem. Soc. Entomol. Quebec 3:1-316.

Gaige, F. M. 1914. Results of the Mershon Expedition to Charity Island, Lake Huron. The Formicidae of Charity Island. Occ. Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 5, 29 p.

_______. 1916. The Formicidae of the Shiras Expedition to Whitefish Point, Michigan in 1914. Occ. Papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan 25, 4 p.

Gregg, R. E. 1944. The ants of the Chicago region. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 37:447-480.

Groskin, H. 1944. An observation of a Formica sanguinea raid at Battle Creek, Calhoun County, Michigan. Entomol. News 55:42-44.

Kannowski, P. B. 1957. Notes on the ant Leptothorax provancheri. Psyche 64:1-5.

_______. 1958. Swarming of the ant Stenamma brevicorne (Mayr). Entomol. News 69:231-233.

_______. 1959a. The flight activities and colony-founding behavior of bog ants in southeastern Michigan. Insects Soc. 6:115-162

_______. 1959b. The flight activities of Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) taschenbergi (Hymenoptera:Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 52:755-760.

_______. 1959c. The use of radioactive phosphorus in the study of colony distribution of the ant Lasius minutus Emery. Ecology 40:162-165.

_______. 1967. Colony populations of two species of Dolichoderus (Hymenoptera:Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:1246-1252.

_______. 1970. Colony populations of five species of Myrmica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proc. N. Cent. Br. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 25:119-125.

_______., and P. M. Kannowski. 1957. The mating activities of the ant Myrmica americana. Ohio J. Sci. 57:371-374.

Smith, D. R. 1979. Superfamily Formicoidea. Pp. 1323-1467 In: Catalog of Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico (K. V. Krombein, P. D. Hurd, D. R. Smith, and B. D. Burks, eds.). Vol. 2. Washington: Smithsonian Inst. Press.

Smith, M. R. 1947. A study of Polyergus in the United States, based on the workers. Amer. Midland Nat. 28:150-161.

_______. 1952. North American Leptothorax of the tricarinatus-texanus complex. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 60:96-106.

Snelling, R. R., and W. F. Buren. 1985. Description of a new species of slave-making ant in the Formica sanguinea group. Great Lakes Entomol. 18:69-78.

Talbot, M. 1934. Distribution of ant species in the Chicago region with reference to ecological factors and physiological toleration. Ecology 27:416-439.

_______. 1946. Daily fluctuations in the aboveground activity of three species of ants. Ecology 27:65-70.

_______. 1948. A comparison of two ants of the genus Formica. Ecology 29:316-325.

_______. 1953. Ants of an old-field community on the Edwin S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. Contr. Lab. Vert. Biol., Univ. Michigan 63, 13 p.

_______. 1954. Populations of the ant Aphaenogaster (Attomyrma) treatae Forel on abandoned fields on the Edwin S. George Reserve. Contr. Lab. Vert. Biol., Univ. Michigan 69, 9 p.

_______. 1956. Flight activities of the ant Dolichoderus (Hypoclinea) mariae Forel. Psyche 63:134-139.

_______. 1957. Population studies of the slave-making ant Leptothorax duloticus and its slave Leptothorax curvispinosus. Ecology 38:449-456.

_______. 1959. Flight activities of two species of the genus Formica. Amer. Midland Nat. 61:124-132.

_______. 1961. Mounds of the ant Formica ulkei at the Edwin S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. Ecology 42:202-205.

_______. 1963. Local distribution and flight activities of four species of ants of the genus Acanthomyops Mayr. Ecology 44:549-557.

_______. 1964. Nest structure and flights of the ant Formica obscuriventris Mayr. Anim. Behav. 12:154-158.

_______. 1965. Populations of ants in a low field. Insect. Soc. 12:19-48.

_______. 1966. Flights of the ant Aphaenogaster treatae. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 39:67-77.

_______. 1967. Slave-raids of the ant Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Psyche 74:299-313.

_______. 1968. Flights of the ant Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Psyche 75:46-52.

_______. 1971. Flights of the ant Formica dakotensis Emery. Psyche 78:169-179.

_______. 1972. Flights and swarms of the ant Formica obscuripes Forel. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 45:254-258.

_______. 1973. Five species of the ant genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) at the Edwin S. George Reserve in southern Michigan. Great Lakes Entomol. 6:19-22.

_______. 1975a. Habitats and populations of the ant Stenamma diecki Emery in southern Michigan. Great Lakes Entomol. 8:241-244.

_______. 1975b. A list of the ants of the Edwin S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. Great Lakes Entomol. 8:245-246.

_______. 1976. The natural history of the workerless ant parasite Formica talbotae. Psyche 83:282-288.

_______. 1979. Social parasitism among ants at the E. S. George Reserve in southern Michigan. Great Lakes Entomol. 12:87-89.

_______. 1985. The slave-making ant Formica gynocrates (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Great Lakes Entomol. 18:103-112.

Weber, N. A. 1948. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. I. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 40:437-474.

_______. 1950. A revision of the North American ants of the genus Myrmica with a synopsis of the Palearctic species. II. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 43:189-226.

Wheeler, W. M. 1905. New species of Formica. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 21:267-274.

_______. 1909. The ants of Isle Royale, Michigan. Report Michigan Geol. Survey (1908), pp. 325-328.

_______. 1910a. The North American ants of the genus Camponotus Mayr. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 20:295-354.

_______. 1910b. The North American forms of Lasius umbratus Nylander. Psyche 17:235-243.

_______. 1913. A revision of the ants of the genus Formica (Linne) Mayr. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll. 53:379-565.

_______. 1915. A new bog-inhabiting variety of Formica fusca L. Psyche 22:203-206.

Wilson, E. O. 1955. A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll. 113:1-125.

_______. 1976. The first workerless parasite in the ant genus Formica. Psyche 83:277-281.

Wing, M. W. 1968. Taxonomic revision of the nearctic ant genus Acanthomyops. Cornell Univ., Agric. Exp. Sta., N. Y. Coll. Agric. Memoir 405, 173 p.


TOP

This document formatted for the web by Mark O'Brien 6/12/96