CHECKLIST OF THE ANTS OF MICHIGAN
(HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)
George C. Wheeler[1], Jeanette N. Wheeler[2], and Paul B. Kannowski[3]
[1]Deceased.,[2]Research Associates, Florida State Collection of Arthropods.
Address: 3338 NE 58th Avenue, Silver Springs, FL 34488-9464.
[3]Adjunct Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan.
Address: Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks,
ND 58202-9019.
(NOTE: This document has been slightly modified for the WWW from its
original appearance in Vol.26, No. 1 of the Great
Lakes Entomologist, pp. 297-310, 1994.)
ABSTRACT
A total of 113 species of ants is recorded by county from the state of
Michigan. The list is based upon literature records and specimens in the
authors' collections and those of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
and the Michigan State University Department of Entomology. The list includes
3 species in Ponerinae, 44 in Myrmicinae, 6 in Dolichoderinae, and 60 in
Formicinae. Ten species represent new state records. Five distribution patterns
are evident: statewide (39 species), southern counties only (5), southern
3/4th of Lower Peninsula (10), Lower Peninsula (17), and Upper Peninsula
(2). Forty species have been collected too infrequently to determine the
distribution within the state.
INTRODUCTION
The earliest record of ants collected in Michigan is W. M. Wheeler's
(1905) description of Formica impexa, collected by O. McCreary
in 1902 "on the Porcupine Mountains in northern Michigan" (Ontonagon
County). This is the first of five species described from the state. In
1909 W. M. Wheeler described Formica adamsi from Isle Royale
(Keweenaw County), collected in 1908. The specimens collected by C. C. Adams,
H. A. Gleason, and Otto McCreary from Isle Royale and the Porcupine Mountains
in the Upper Peninsula are in the collection of the Museum of Zoology at
the University of Michigan.
F. M. Gaige, curator of insects at the University of Michigan Museum of
Zoology, was the first myrmecologist to live and work in Michigan. In 1910
he collected ants on Charity Island (Arenac County) and published a list
of 20 species in 1914. He also published (1916) a list of 15 species from
Whitefish Point (Chippewa County) that were collected in 1914 by N. A. Wood.
Twenty eight species are represented in these two studies. Gaige also collected
extensively in Schoolcraft and Washtenaw counties but did not publish these
studies.
Mary Talbot (1934) included species in extreme southwestern Michigan as
part of a study of the ecology of ants in the region around Chicago, Illinois.
In 1945 and for several years thereafter she studied the ecology of certain
ants at the University of Michigan Biological Station in Cheboygan County
(Talbot 1946, 1948). For 25 summers between 1951 and 1980 Talbot conducted
research on the ants of the Edwin S. George Reserve in Livingston County.
From the research on this 514 ha (1268 acre) sanctuary of the University
of Michigan she published 20 articles including a list of the 87 species
found on the Reserve (1975b). She collected three new species of ants: Formica
gynocrates Snelling and Buren (1985), Formica talbotae
Wilson (1976), and Monomorium talbotae DuBois (1981). In addition,
a specimen that Talbot collected at the Reserve was selected by Wing (1968)
as a neotype for Acanthomyops latipes. There are probably
other species that will be described from her collections at the Reserve.
In a study of the ants of the Chicago area Gregg (1944) found 95 species,
of which 30 were from Berrien and St. Joseph counties, Michigan. Taxonomic
revisions by Creighton (1940), Francoeur (1973), Smith (1947, 1952), Weber
(1948,1950), Wheeler (1910a, 1910b, 1913, 1915), Wilson (1955), and Wing
(1968) recorded species from Michigan. Behavioral studies by Groskin (1944)
and Kannowski (1957, 1958, 1959a, 1959b, 1959c, 1967, 1970; Kannowski and
Kannowski, 1957) were based upon species observed in Michigan.
The list is based upon literature records and 4,692 collections: 2,382 in
the Division of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; 926
in the Department of Entomology, Michigan State University; 1,244 in the
Kannowski collection; and 140 in the Wheeler collection. The specimens in
the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Kannowski collections
were identified by P. B. Kannowski between March 1989 and December 1992;
the specimens in the Wheeler collection were checked by Jeanette Wheeler
in 1991. Mary Talbot's collection, which is now in the Department of Biology
at the University of Missouri - St. Louis, was not checked. However, there
is a nearly complete synoptic collection of her records from the E. S. George
Reserve in the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, which was checked.
Two species (Harpagoxenus canadensis and Smithistruma
ornata) have been included based upon the citation of Michigan as
a locality by M. R. Smith (1951 for H. canadensis; 1967 for
S. ornata). David Smith (personal communication, 1991) has
been unable to locate the counties or the sources of those records.
Some of the species names used in the literature referenced in this study
are either synonyms or misidentifications. There are also several specimens
in the Michigan State University collection that were collected by R. R.
Dreisbach that appear to be incorrectly labelled. All suspect records have
been omitted in this compilation. However, the specimens on which the studies
by Gaige (1914, 1916) and Wheeler (1909) were based are in the collection
at the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. These were re-identified
and incorporated into the list.
TOP
RESULTS
A total of 113 species has been identified from the state. There is at
least one record from each county, with four counties (Antrim, Genesee,
Houghton, and Menominee) having only a single record each . The most intensively
collected counties (Livingston and Washtenaw) are located in the southeastern
region of the state. All 88 records for Livingston County are the species
recorded by Talbot (1975), with adjustments for recent taxonomic changes.
Washtenaw County has many species (67) because four myrmecologists (F. M.
Gaige, P. B. Kannowski, and G. C. and J. N. Wheeler) collected there while
they were associated with the University of Michigan. Cheboygan County at
the northern end of the Lower Peninsula has the third highest number of
species (57) due to the collections of P. B. Kannowski, M. Talbot, and G.
C. and J. N. Wheeler in the vicinity of the University of Michigan Biological
Station.
Ten species are recorded for the first time from Michigan: Aphaenogaster
mariae, Formica argentea, F. fossaceps,
F. prociliata, F. querquetulana, Harpagoxenus
americanus, Lasius subumbratus, Monomorium pharaonis,
Myrmica alaskensis and Tetramorium caespitum.
The most frequently collected species is Tapinoma sessile,
which has been recorded from 65 of the 83 counties. Other species that have
been collected in a large proportion of the counties include Camponotus
noveboracensis (62), Lasius alienus (54), Crematogaster
cerasi (52), Camponotus pennsylvanicus (52), and Formica
subsericea (51).
There are five patterns for distribution within the state. Thirty nine species
can be found throughout the state. Most of these are forest-dwelling species
that find suitable habitats in all parts of the state. A few, such as Myrmica
americana and Lasius neoniger, commonly occur in open
habitats throughout the state. Five species have distributions limited to
the southernmost counties of the Lower Peninsula. Four of these are forest
species that are near the northern limits of their distribution; the fifth
species, Pheidole bicarinata, is limited to sand dunes, which
have limited occurrence in southern Michigan. Another 10 occur only in the
lower 2/3rds to 3/4ths of the Lower Peninsula, while 17 others occur throughout
the Lower Peninsula. Some of these, i. e., Aphaenogaster tennesseensis,
Camponotus americanus, and Formica schaufussi,
are species that occur primarily in more southern regions and reach their
northern limits near the upper end of the Lower Peninsula. Others may be
limited by weak flights from traversing the Straits of Mackinac. Only two
species (Camponotus herculeanus and Formica podzolica)
live primarily in the Upper Peninsula. These are boreal species that have
not extended very far below the northern tip of the Lower Peninsula, even
though suitable habitat is available. Forty one species have been collected
too infrequently to establish their distributions.
According to Smith 1979 (and some more recent authors), the North American
ranges of 73 species of Michigan ants are intraneous. One species (Monomorium
talbotae) is endemic; one (Monomorium pharaonis) is
introduced. One species is near its southern limit in Michigan, 19 reach
their northern limits, 8 their eastern limits and 5 their western limits.
For five species we have too little information to designate ranges.
Ecologically, Michigan is divided broadly into Deciduous Forest Biome in
the southern portion and Ecotone (between Deciduous and Coniferous Forest
Biomes) in the northern portion.
The list that follows is organized by subfamilies following the arrangement
in Creighton (1950). Within each subfamily the genera and species are listed
alphabetically. Localities are listed by counties in alphabetical sequence.
Information on nests and habitats, unless bracketed by parentheses, is based
upon Michigan collections.
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SUBFAMILY PONERINAE
Amblyopone pallipes (Haldeman). In rotting logs in
moist woods. Baraga, Livingston, Midland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Ponera pennsylvanica Buckley. In rotting logs in woods.
Alcona, Arenac, Barry, Berrien, Cass, Cheboygan, Clinton, Delta, Emmet,
Gladwin, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Iron, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lake, Lapeer,
Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Midland, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland,
Oscoda, Presque Isle, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne,
Wexford.
Proceratium silaceum Roger. In soft rotting logs in
woods. Livingston.
SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE
Aphaenogaster fulva Roger. In logs or stumps in woods.
Livingston.
Aphaenogaster mariae Forel. Oakland.
Aphaenogaster rudis (Emery). In logs or stumps in woods.
Arenac, Berrien, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Crawford,
Emmet, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Kalamazoo,
Leelanau, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, St. Joseph,
Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Aphaenogaster tennesseensis (Mayr). In hard wood of
logs and stumps in woods. Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Cass, Grand Traverse,
Huron, Ingham, Ionia, Jackson, Lake, Leelanau, Livingston, Manistee, Midland,
Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Ottawa, St. Joseph,
Washtenaw.
Aphaenogaster treatae Forel. In soil in grassy fields.
Livingston.
Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch). In logs and stumps in
dense woods. Alcona, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Bay, Berrien, Branch, Cass,
Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Crawford, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet,
Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Iron,
Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac,
Manistee, Marquette, Midland, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Ogemaw,
Osceola, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph,
Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Crematogaster lineolata (Say). In logs and stumps in
open woods. Bay, Berrien, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Kalamazoo,
Livingston, Manistee, Midland, Montmorency, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Van Buren,
Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Formicoxenus hirticornis (Emery). (Previously recorded
as Leptothorax hirticornis.) Xenobiotic in nests of Formica
obscuripes. Livingston.
Formicoxenus provancheri (Emery). (Previously recorded
as Leptothorax provancheri.) Xenobiotic in nests of Myrmica
lobifrons. Cheboygan.
Harpagoxenus americanus (Emery). St. Joseph.
Harpagoxenus canadensis M.R. Smith. (Dulotic on Leptothorax
muscorum.) "Michigan".
Leptothorax ambiguus Emery. In acorns and other plant
cavities in open woods and woods edges. Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Cheboygan,
Clinton, Crawford, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Ionia, Isabella, Lenawee, Livingston,
Mackinac, Midland, Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr. In acorns and twigs
in open woods. Berrien, Hillsdale, Ingham, Kalamazoo, Livingston, St. Joseph,
Van Buren, Washtenaw.
Leptothorax duloticus Wesson. Dulotic on Leptothorax
ambiguus, L. curvispinosus and L. longispinosus.
Livingston, Washtenaw.
Leptothorax longispinosus Roger. In logs or stumps
in moist woods. Berrien, Cheboygan, Ingham, Lapeer, Livingston, Midland,
Newaygo, Washtenaw.
Leptothorax muscorum (Nylander). Under bark and in
twigs in swamps and bogs. Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Delta, Emmet, Gladwin,
Gogebic, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Montcalm, Osceola,
Oscoda, Roscommon, Saginaw, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Leptothorax schaumi Roger. Under bark in woods. Livingston.
Leptothorax texanus Wheeler. In soil in sandy areas.
Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Roscommon, Wayne.
Monomorium minimum (Buckley). In soil in dry grassy
areas. Alcona, Allegan, Berrien, Crawford, Lenawee, Livingston, Midland,
Newaygo, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Monomorium pharaonis (Linnaeus). Introduced; from buildings
in: Ingham, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Monomorium talbotae DuBois. Inquiline in nests of Monomorium
minimum. Livingston.
Myrmecina americana Emery. In logs and stumps in moist
woods. Berrien, Ingham, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Marquette, St. Joseph,
Washtenaw.
Myrmica alaskensis Wheeler. In soil in moist woods.
Keweenaw.
Myrmica americana Weber. In soil in grasslands. Alcona,
Allegan, Arenac, Bay, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Clinton, Emmet, Huron, Ingham,
Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda,
Presque Isle, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Myrmica brevispinosa Wheeler. In soil in sand dunes
and ridges. Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Iron,
Keweenaw, Mackinac, Presque Isle, Schoolcraft.
Myrmica detritinodis Emery. (Previously recorded as
M. emeryana Forel, in part.) In logs and stumps in moist woods.
Alcona, Alger, Arenac, Bay, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton,
Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco,
Kalamazoo, Keweenaw, Lake, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason,
Midland, Montmorency, Oakland, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Roscommon, St. Joseph,
Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Myrmica fracticornis Emery. In soil hummocks in edges
of marshes and in sedge hummocks in marshes. Alcona, Bay, Berrien, Cass,
Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Lapeer, Livingston,
Mackinac, Midland, Montmorency, Ontonagon, Osceola, Presque Isle, Saginaw,
St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Myrmica incompleta Provancher. In soil and moss hummocks
in bogs and swamps. Alcona, Alger, Arenac, Benzie, Berrien, Charlevoix,
Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Gogebic, Iosco, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac,
Marquette, Oakland, Presque Isle, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Myrmica lobifrons Pergande. (Previously recorded as
M. fracticornis, in part. Recorded as "M. species
A" in Kannowski, 1959a.) In moss hummocks in bogs and swamps. Cheboygan,
Livingston, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Myrmica nearctica Weber. (Previously recorded as M.
monticola Wheeler.) Under bark of logs and stumps in woods. Cheboygan,
Emmet, Livingston, Marquette, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft.
Myrmica pinetorum Wheeler. In soil in mesic woods.
Livingston.
Myrmica punctiventris Roger. In soil in mesic woods.
Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Cheboygan, Clinton, Huron, Ingham, Livingston,
Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Myrmica species 1. (Previously recorded as M. emeryana,
in part.) In soil in low fields and mesic woods. Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet,
Grand Traverse, Livingston, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Myrmica species 2. (Recorded by Talbot 1975b as M.
spatulata M.R. Smith.) In soil in dry woods. Cheboygan, Grand Traverse,
Livingston, Washtenaw.
Pheidole bicarinata Mayr. In soil in sand dunes and
ridges. Arenac, Berrien, St. Joseph.
Smithistruma ornata (Mayr). "Michigan".
Smithistruma pergandei (Emery). In logs or soil in
woods. Livingston.
Smithistruma pulchella (Emery). In woods. Livingston.
Solenopsis molesta (Say). In soil in grasslands. Alcona,
Arenac, Berrien, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Livingston,
Midland, Monroe, Oakland, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Stenamma brevicorne (Mayr). In soil in open woods.
Arenac, Berrien, Eaton, Ingham, Livingston, Osceola, Saginaw, St. Joseph,
Sanilac, Shiawassee, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Stenamma diecki Emery. In soil in moist woods. Alger,
Cheboygan, Chippewa, Grand Traverse, Livingston, Marquette, Montmorency,
Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Stenamma impar Forel. In soil in moist woods. Cheboygan,
Livingston, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Stenamma schmitti Wheeler. In soil in moist woods.
Livingston, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Tetramorium caespitum (Linnaeus). Introduced; in soil
in urban areas. Ingham, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.
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SUBFAMILY DOLICHODERINAE
Conomyrma grandula (Forel). (Recorded as Dorymyrmex
pyramicus (Roger) by Talbot, 1975b.) In soil in sandy ridges. Livingston.
Dolichoderus mariae Forel. In domes of plant fragments
and soil in marshes and swamps. Berrien, Cheboygan, Ingham, Livingston,
Manistee, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Dolichoderus plagiatus (Mayr). In hollow twigs and
curled leaves in woods and woods edges. Bay, Cheboygan, Dickinson, Grand
Traverse, Gratiot, Huron, Iosco, Lake, Livingston, Midland, St. Joseph,
Washtenaw, Wexford.
Dolichoderus pustulatus Mayr. In hollow stems and curled
leaves in bogs and swamps. Alcona, Cass, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford,
Emmet, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Livingston, Montcalm, Oscoda, Roscommon,
St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Dolichoderus taschenbergi (Mayr). In domes of plant
fragments and soil in woods edges. Cheboygan, Crawford, Delta, Gogebic,
Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette,
Mecosta, Montcalm, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Schoolcraft,
Van Buren, Wexford.
Tapinoma sessile (Say). In soil, under bark and in
dead plant cavities in diverse habitats. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena,
Antrim, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay, Benzie, Berrien, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan,
Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic,
Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Keweenaw,
Lake, Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Luce, Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette,
Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo,
Oakland, Oceana, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon,
Saginaw, St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Van Buren,
Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
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SUBFAMILY FORMICINAE
Acanthomyops claviger (Roger). In and/or under stumps
and logs or under rocks in woods or the edges of fields. Arenac, Berrien,
Cheboygan, Clinton, Crawford, Hillsdale, Ingham, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston,
Monroe, Muskegon, Oakland, Ogemaw, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Acanthomyops interjectus (Mayr). In stumps, logs and
soil in woods. Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Monroe, Oakland, Oscoda, Washtenaw,
Wexford.
Acanthomyops latipes (Walsh). Temporary social parasite
on Lasius neoniger. In soil of grassy habitats. Alcona, Barry,
Berrien, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Delta, Huron, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston,
Marquette, Ogemaw, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Acanthomyops murphyi (Forel). Temporary social parasite
on Lasius neoniger. Under rocks and in soil of grassy habitats.
Barry, Kalamazoo, Livingston.
Acanthomyops plumopilosus (Buren). Washtenaw.
Acanthomyops subglaber (Emery). Under rocks in woods.
Arenac, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Emmet, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Livingston.
Brachymyrmex depilis Emery. In soil in grasslands and
woods. Alger, Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Livingston, Montmorency,
Ontonagon, Oscoda, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Camponotus americanus Mayr. In soil in grasslands and
woods. Allegan, Charlevoix, Iosco, Livingston, Midland, Washtenaw.
Camponotus caryae (Fitch). In twigs and branches in
woods. Livingston.
Camponotus ferrugineus (Fabricius). In logs and stumps
in woods. Berrien, Hillsdale, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Camponotus herculeanus (Linnaeus). In logs and stumps
in woods. Alger, Baraga, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Dickinson, Emmet,
Gogebic, Houghton, Iron, Keweenaw, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Schoolcraft.
Camponotus nearcticus Emery. In twigs and branches
and under bark in woods. Alger, Allegan, Baraga, Bay, Berrien, Chippewa,
Clinton, Hillsdale, Ingham, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Livingston, Marquette, Midland,
Monroe, Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ottawa, Roscommon, Saginaw,
St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Camponotus novaeboracensis (Fitch). In logs and stumps
in moist woods. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Bay,
Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clare, Clinton, Crawford,
Delta, Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Gratiot,
Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Kent, Lake,
Lapeer, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Mason,
Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency, Oakland, Oceana, Osceola,
Oscoda, Otsego, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St. Joseph, Sanilac, Schoolcraft,
Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer). In logs and stumps
and in dead wood in living trees in dry woods. Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga,
Barry, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton,
Eaton, Genesee, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham,
Ionia, Iosco, Iron, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lake, Lenawee, Livingston,
Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe,
Montmorency, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Saginaw,
St. Clair, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Shiawassee, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Camponotus subbarbatus Emery. In dead twigs and branches
in woods. St. Joseph.
Formica argentea Wheeler. In soil of field-woods edges.
Alcona, Benzie, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Emmet, Iron, Keweenaw,
Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Montcalm, Ontonagon, Presque Isle, Washtenaw,
Wexford.
Formica creightoni Buren. In logs and soil in woods.
Livingston.
Formica dakotensis Emery. Temporary social parasite
on Formica fusca group species. In soil mounds in grasslands.
Cheboygan, Chippewa, Keweenaw, Livingston, Mackinac.
Formica exsectoides Forel. In large mounds of soil
in dry fields near woods. Alcona, Barry, Berrien, Chippewa, Iosco, Livingston,
Mecosta, Montcalm, Oscoda, Washtenaw.
Formica fossaceps Buren. In soil in open woods. Keweenaw,
Oscoda.
Formica fusca Linnaeus. In logs, stumps and soil in
mesic woods. Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa,
Crawford, Dickinson, Grand Traverse, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Keweenaw, Livingston,
Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mecosta, Newaygo, Oakland, Presque Isle,
Roscommon, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Formica glacialis Wheeler. In soil mounds in low, moist
sites. Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton,
Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Gratiot, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Keweenaw, Lapeer,
Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta, Missaukee, Montcalm,
Muskegon, Oakland, Ogemaw, Ontonagon, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft,
Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne.
Formica gynocrates Snelling and Buren. Dulotic on F.
vinculans. In soil in dry, sparsely vegetated fields. Livingston.
Formica hewitti Wheeler. Keweenaw.
Formica impexa Wheeler. Dickinson, Marquette, Ontonagon.
Formica integra Nylander. Chippewa, Iosco, Keweenaw,
Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Montcalm, Muskegon, Osceola.
Formica lasioides Emery. In soil in fields and woods
edges. Alger, Alpena, Bay, Benzie, Branch, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa,
Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mecosta,
Oakland, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Presque Isle, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Formica neogagates Emery. In soil in mesic woods. Charlevoix,
Cheboygan, Chippewa, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo,
Keweenaw, Lake, Livingston, Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Montcalm, Montmorency,
Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, Otsego, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Formica neorufibarbis Emery. In hummocks of moss in
bogs. Baraga, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Gogebic, Ingham, Keweenaw,
Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Formica nepticula Wheeler. Temporary social parasite
on Formica fusca group species. In soil in dry woods. Livingston.
Formica obscuripes Forel. In mounds of soil and thatch
in dry grasslands. Cheboygan, Kalkaska, Livingston, Mason, Newaygo, Osceola,
Washtenaw, Wexford.
Formica obscuriventris Mayr. In logs, stumps and soil
in woods edge and open woods. Cheboygan, Dickinson, Keweenaw, Livingston,
Oakland, Oscoda, Washtenaw.
Formica pallidefulva nitidiventris Emery. In
soil, often under objects, in woods and woods edges. Allegan, Arenac, Baraga,
Benzie, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cheboygan, Grand Traverse, Huron, Ingham,
Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lenawee, Livingston, Marquette, Midland, Monroe,
Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, St. Joseph, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wayne,
Wexford.
Formica pergandei Emery. Dulotic on Formica
pallidefulva nitidiventris and F. subsericea.
In soil in woods edges and field edges. Alpena, Benzie, Cheboygan, Chippewa,
Delta, Grand Traverse, Ingham, Iosco, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mason,
Oscoda, Presque Isle, Washtenaw.
Formica podzolica Francoeur. In soil in deep woods
and swamps. Alger, Alpena, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Delta, Emmet, Gogebic,
Keweenaw, Luce, Mackinac, Marquette, Ontonagon, Oscoda, Schoolcraft.
Formica prociliata Kennedy and Dennis. Grand Traverse,
Iosco, Oscoda, Roscommon, Wexford.
Formica querquetulana Kennedy and Dennis. Grand Traverse.
Formica rubicunda Emery. Dulotic on Formica
subsericea. In soil in woods edges and field edges. Cheboygan, Keweenaw,
Livingston, Marquette, Washtenaw, Wexford.
Formica schaufussi Mayr. In soil in grasslands and
field edges. Berrien, Iosco, Kalamazoo, Livingston, Oscoda.
Formica subintegra Emery. Dulotic on Formica
subsericea. In soil in woods edge and field borders. Baraga, Calhoun,
Cheboygan, Emmet, Livingston, Washtenaw.
Formica subnuda Emery. Dulotic on Formica subsericea.
In and under logs in mesic woods. Alger, Baraga, Benzie, Charlevoix, Cheboygan,
Chippewa, Delta, Dickinson, Emmet, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Kalkaska,
Keweenaw, Leelanau, Livingston, Mackinac, Marquette, Mason, St. Joseph,
Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Formica subsericea Say. In soil in grasslands, woods
edge and open woods. Alcona, Alger, Allegan, Arenac, Baraga, Barry, Benzie,
Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Crawford,
Dickinson, Eaton, Emmet, Gladwin, Gogebic, Grand Traverse, Hillsdale, Huron,
Ingham, Iosco, Iron, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Keweenaw, Lapeer, Lenawee, Livingston,
Mackinac, Manistee, Marquette, Mecosta, Menominee, Midland, Monroe, Montcalm,
Montmorency, Oakland, Ontonagon, Osceola, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft,
Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Formica talbotae Wilson. Workerless inquiline in mounds
of Formica obscuripes. Livingston.
Formica ulkei Emery. Temporary social pareasite on
Formica glacialis. In large mounds of soil in fields near
water. Arenac, Berrien, Calhoun, Cass, Hillsdale, Ingham, Jackson, Kent,
Livingston, Midland, Oakland, Roscommon, St. Joseph, Shiawassee, Washtenaw.
Formica vinculans Wheeler. (Previously recorded as
F. neogagates, in part.) In soil in dry grasslands. Berrien,
Calhoun, Cheboygan, Crawford, Emmet, Ingham, Kalkaska, Lenawee, Livingston,
Mason, Montmorency, Newaygo, Oscoda, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Tuscola.
Formica whymperi adamsi Wheeler. Keweenaw, Schoolcraft.
Formica sp. (microgyna group). Temporary social parasite
on Formica fusca group species. In soil in woods edge. Livingston.
Lasius alienus (Foerster). In logs and stumps and in
soil in woods. Alcona, Allegan, Arenac, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Cass,
Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Chippewa, Clinton, Crawford, Delta, Dickinson, Eaton,
Emmet, Gladwin, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Huron, Ingham, Iosco, Isabella, Jackson,
Kalamazoo, Kalkaska, Keweenaw, Lake, Lapeer, Livingston, Mackinac, Manistee,
Marquette, Mason, Mecosta, Midland, Missaukee, Monroe, Montcalm, Montmorency,
Newaygo, Ogemaw, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw,
St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw.
Lasius flavus (Fabricius). In soil or under rocks in
grasslands and open woods. Cheboygan, Crawford, Grand Traverse, Iosco, Ingham,
Jackson, Livingston, Ontonagon, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft, Washtenaw.
Lasius minutus Emery. Temporary social parasite of
Lasius alienus and L. pallitarsis. In soil mounds
in swamps and marshes. Arenac, Livingston, Oakland, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
Lasius nearcticus Wheeler. In soil under rocks and
logs in mesic woods. Allegan, Arenac, Berrien, Chippewa, Clinton, Emmet,
Ingham, Ionia, Livingston, Marquette, Ottawa, Washtenaw.
Lasius neoniger Emery. In soil with nest entrances
surrounded by craters of soil particles; in grasslands and open woods. Alcona,
Alger, Allegan, Alpena, Arenac, Bay, Berrien, Calhoun, Charlevoix, Cheboygan,
Chippewa, Clinton, Dickinson, Emmet, Gladwin, Grand Traverse, Gratiot, Huron,
Ingham, Iosco, Jackson, Kalkaska, Kent, Keweenaw, Leelanau, Livingston,
Mackinac, Macomb, Manistee, Marquette, Midland, Missaukee, Montmorency,
Muskegon, Oakland, Osceola, Oscoda, Ottawa, Presque Isle, St. Joseph, Schoolcraft,
Tuscola, Van Buren, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Lasius pallitarsis (Provancher). In mounds of soil
in low fields, bogs, swamps and marshes. Alger, Charlevoix, Chippewa, Livingston,
Mackinac, Marquette, Schoolcraft.
Lasius speculiventris Emery. Temporary social parasite
of Lasius minutus. In mounds of soil in moist woods and swamps.
Hillsdale, Ingham, Livingston, Oakland, Washtenaw.
Lasius subumbratus Viereck. In soil under logs in open
woods. Marquette, Schoolcraft.
Lasius umbratus (Nylander). Temporary social parasite
of Lasius alienus and L. pallitarsis. In soil
mounds and under stumps and logs in woods and swamps. Allegan, Alpena, Arenac,
Berrien, Calhoun, Cass, Charlevoix, Cheboygan, Clinton, Eaton, Gladwin,
Gratiot, Hillsdale, Ingham, Isabella, Lapeer, Livingston, Midland, Monroe,
Montcalm, Newaygo, Oakland, Osceola, Presque Isle, Roscommon, Saginaw, St.
Clair, St. Joseph, Shiawassee, Tuscola, Washtenaw, Wayne, Wexford.
Paratrechina parvula (Mayr). In soil in woods-field
edges and open woods. Allegan, Iosco, Livingston, Manistee, Oscoda, St.
Joseph, Washtenaw.
Polyergus breviceps Emery. Dulotic on Formica
subsericea. In soil mounds in grasslands. Cheboygan, Iron.
Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Dulotic on Formica pallidefulva
and F. schaufussi. In soil mounds in grasslands and woods
edges. Cheboygan, Livingston, Roscommon.
Prenolepis imparis (Say). In soil in a wide variety
of habitats from grasslands to deep woods. Allegan, Barry, Clinton, Crawford,
Grand Traverse, Ingham, Ionia, Iosco, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Livingston,
Mackinac, Newaygo, Oakland, Oscoda, St. Joseph, Washtenaw.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank Mark F. O'Brien of the University of Michigan and Fred W. Stehr
and the late Roland Fischer of Michigan State University for providing access
to their respective collections; André Francoeur of the Université
du Québec a Chicoutimi for confirmation of the identification of
samples of Formica argentea and F. podzolica
and for several records and the correct names in the genus Myrmica;
David R. Smith of the U. S. Department of Agriculture Systematic Entomology
Laboratory for searching for the records of Harpagoxenus canadensis
and Smithistruma ornata; and Roy R. Snelling of the Los Angeles
County Museum for the identification of several specimens of Formica.
TOP
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