Chloroperlidae - Sallflies

Introduction[under construction]

Adults (adapted from Alexander and Stewart 1999, Baumann 1974, Hitchcock 1974, Ricker 1952, Surdick 1985)

1a	a. Supraanal process behind Ab10 tergite	Males, 2
	b. Posterior margin of Ab8 sternum straight
1b	a. Supraanal process absent	Females, 7
	b. Posterior margin of Ab8 sternum posteriorly produced as a subgenital plate
2a(1a)	a. Epiproct inflated and sculptured, its tip variously sculptured and hinged	Alloperla Banks, 3
	b. Basal bar of epiproct thin, curved, and attached to a 3-5x wider, cupped single anchor
	c. Brush of closely-set and multiple hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia
	also: Integument generally more lightly chitinized and paler-pigmented, with only pale dusky or no markings on the pronotum and abdomen; sutures not darkly marked; body green in life (fades to yellow in alcohol)
2b	a. Epiproct tip tablike or buttonlike, not hinged	5
	Basal bar of epiproct 1-2x long as the thick, merged equally wide anchor
	c. Evenly-spaced hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia
3a(2a)	In dorsal view, epiproct subrectangular, sclerotized part slender with parallel sides, truncate distally, with 2 sharp laterally directed projections	Alloperla leonarda Ricker
3b	In dorsal view, epiproct not as above, either distally rounded or pointed, and without laterally directed projections	4
4a(3b)	In dorsal view, epiproct rounded and wide distally, with a tuft of hair at its end	Alloperla banksi Frison
	In lateral view, epiproct distally with hairs and gradually bent upward
4b	In dorsal view, epiproct broad at base, tapering gradually to a pointed apex, tip rounded and without hairs	Alloperla atlantica Baumann
	In lateral view, epiproct distally without hairs and often bent downward
5a(2b)	a. Epiproct longer than wide, with tip buttonlike	Suwallia marginata (Banks)
	b. Hemiterga of Ab10 extended to form digitate processes
	also: Ab9 tergum not modified with an anteriorly projecting process; cerci are not elongated, convexly curved; aedeagus with two dorsal lobes
5b	a. Epiproct tip tablike	Haploperla Navas, 6
	b. Hemiterga not extended
	also: Aedeagus with a pair of distinct, curved skeletal support rods; anal vein of forewing greatly reduced, without a fold; Rs of hindwing usually not branched beyond cord; body yellow in life (fades in alcohol)
6a(5b)	a. Abdomen with a middorsal stripe	Haploperla orpha (Frison)
	b. In dorsal view, epiproct quadrate
6b	a. Abdomen without a middorsal stripe	Haploperla brevis (Banks)
	b. In dorsal view, epiproct apically triangular or somewhat rounded
7a(1b)	Brush of closely-set and multiple hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia	Alloperla Banks, 8
	also: Integument generally more lightly chitinized and paler-pigmented, with only pale dusky or no markings on the head, pronotum and abdomen; sutures not darkly marked; in ventral view, subgenital plate appears to arise near the posterior margin of Ab8 sternum
7b	Evenly-spaced hairs on posterolateral margins of terminalia	10
8a(7a)	Subgenital plate posteriorly rounded, without a tongue-like or narrow protusion	Alloperla banksi Frison
8b	Subgenital plate with a tongue-like or narrow protusion	9
9a(8b)	Protusion of subgenital plate narrow, basal width of protusion < 1/5x width of Ab8 sternum, gradually tapering, and extending posteriorly about 1/3 the distance over Ab8 sternum	Alloperla leonarda Ricker
9b	Protusion of subgenital plate wide, basal width of protusion 1/3x width of Ab8 sternum, tapering abruptly to a narrowly rounded apex, and extending posteriorly nearly to the posterior margin of Ab8 sternum	Alloperla atlantica Baumann
10a(7b)	a. Vagina membranous	Suwallia marginata (Banks)
	b. Mandibles weakly developed, little sclerotized
	also: Basal cerci not elongated, modified; dark recurrent scutoscutellar suture not bisected by a dark line; subgenital plate attached to preceeding segment over its entire width, subtriangular with a narrowed, broadly rounded apex, and not laterally emarginate; head with ocellar triangle not darkly pigmented
10b	a. Vagina thickened, spinulated	Haploperla Navas, 11
	b. Mandibles developed, sclerotized
	also: Anal area of hindwing greatly reduced, without a fold; Rs of hindwing usually not branched beyond chord
11a(10b)	a. Abdomen with a middorsal stripe	Haploperla orpha (Frison)
	b. In ventral view, female subgenital plate subtriangular and somewhat flattened apically
11b	1b a. Abdomen without a middorsal stripe	Haploperla brevis (Banks)
	b. In ventral view, female subgenital plate broadly rounded

Mature nymphs (adapted from Stewart and Stark 2002, Hitchcock 1974)

1a	Cerci with (usually 2-6 )dorsal or dorsal-ventral intercalcary hairs per segment in the apical half, forming a continuous vertical fringe	Alloperla Banks (no species key available)
	also: Pronotal setae restricted to corners, except sometimes a pair on the anterior margin; terminal lacinial tooth curved about 45° from the longitudinal axis
1b	Cercal segments without dorsal and ventral intercalary hairs, with setae inserted only at the apex of cercal segments	2
2a(1b)	a. Longest pronotal fringe hairs approximately 0.3-0.4x as long as pronotal width, and nearly as long as either of the last 2 abdominal terga	Haploperla Navas, 3
	b. Inner margins of wingpads nearly parallel with the body axis
2b	a. Longest pronotal fringe hairs shorter, approximately 0.2x as long as the pronotal width and distinctly shorter than either of the last 2 abdominal terga	Suwallia marginata (Banks)
	b. Inner margins of wingpads divergent from body axis
	also: Inner marginal teeth of lacinia not closely set into a comb; long apical hairs of distal cercal segments shorter than their segments; pronotal fringe hairs sparse or absent laterally
3a(2a)	Pronotum with 4 corners dark, making a light diamond-shaped center	Haploperla orpha (Frison)
3b	Pronotum mostly uniform in color	Haploperla brevis (Banks)

References

Alexander KD, Stewart KW. 1999. Revision of the genus Suwallia Ricker (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 125(3):185-250.
Baumann RW. 1974. What is Alloperla imbecilla (Say)? Designation of a neotype, and a new Alloperla from eastern North America (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 87(24):257-264.
Hitchcock SW. 1974. Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. State Geological and Natural History Survey of Connecticut Bulletin 107:1-262.
Ricker WE. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Indiana University Publications Science Series 18:1-200.
Stewart KW, Stark BP. 2002. Nymphs of North American stonefly genera. Second Edition. The Caddis Press: Columbus, Ohio. xii + 510 p.
Surdick RF. 1985. Nearctic genera of Chloroperlidae (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae). Illinois Biological Monographs 54:1-146.

Page created: December 05, 2003 - Last updated: September 29, 2006 (EB)