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More general reviews are in bold type. This list does not include many older references containing primarily distribution records. Last updated October 12, 2000. We welcome corrections or suggested additions to the list.
Alexander, R. D. 1968. Arthropods. In: T. A. Sebeok (ed). Animal Communication. Techniques of Study and Results of Research. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana Univ. Press, pp. 167-216.
Alexander, R. D. 1975. Natural selection and specialized chorusing behavior in acoustical insects. Pp. 35-77 In: D. Pimentel, ed. Insects, Science, and Society. Academic Press, New York.
Alexander, R. D., and T. E. Moore. 1958. Studies on the acoustical behavior of seventeen-year cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Ohio J. Sci. 58: 107-127.
Alexander, R. D., and T. E. Moore. 1962. The evolutionary relationships of 17-year and 13-year cicadas, and three new species (Homoptera, Cicadidae, Magicicada). Univ. of Mich. Mus. Zool. Misc. Pub. 121: 1-59. (DOWNLOAD A PDF VERSION)
Allard, H. 1937. Some observations on the behavior of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim L. Am. Nat. 71: 588-604.
Allard, H. A. 1946. Synchronous singing of the 17-year cicadas. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 48: 93-95.
Andrews, E. A. 1921. Periodical cicadas in Baltimore, Md. Sci. Mon. 12: 310-320.
Anon. 1932. Periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol., Ins. Pest Surv. Bull. 12: 424-425.
Anon. 1933. Periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol., Ins. Pest Surv. Bull. 13: 336-338.
Anon. 1936. Periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol., Ins. Pest Surv. Bull. 16: 525-527.
Anon. 1937. Periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol., Ins. Pest Surv. Bull. 17: 111-116, 617-618.
Anon. 1940. Periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Bur. Entomol., Ins. Pest Surv. Bull. 20: 129, 184, 267-269, 342, 576-579.
Archie, J., C. Simon, and D. Wartenberg. 1985. Geographical patterns and population structure in periodical cicadas based on spatial analysis of allozyme frequencies. Evolution 39: 1261-1274
Asquith, D. 1954. The periodical cicada in southern Pennsylvania in 1953. J. Econ. Entomol. 47: 457-459.
Barnett, A. 1997. Odd timing keeps cicadas in their prime. New Sci. 153: 18.
Beamer, R. H. 1928. Studies on the biology of Kansas Cicadidae. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 18: 155-263.
Beamer, R. H. 1931. Notes on the 17-year cicada in Kansas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 4: 53-58.
Bessey, C. E. 1880. On the distribution of the seventeen-year cicada of the brood of 1878, or Riley's Brood XIII, in Iowa. Am. Entomol. 3: 27-30.
Brown, J. J., and G. M. Chippendale. 1973. Nature and fate of the nutrient reserves of the periodical (17-year) cicada. J. Insect Physiol. 19: 607-614.
Bryce, D., and N. Aspinwall. 1975. Sympatry of two broods of the periodical cicada (Magicicada) in Missouri. Am. Midl. Nat. 93(2): 450-454.
Bulmer, M. G. 1977. Periodical insects. Am. Nat. 111: 1099-1117.
Butler, A. W. 1885. The periodical cicada in southeastern Indiana. Proc. A. A. A. S. 34: 328-329.
Butler, A. W. 1886. The periodical cicada in southeastern Indiana. Bull. USDA Div. Entomol. 12: 24-31.
Cantrall, I. J. 1937. Notes on the infection of the seventeen-year cicada, Magicicada septendecim (Linn.) by the fungus, Massospora cicadina Peck. Bull. of the Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 32: 120-121.
Cassin, J. 1851. Note on the above species of cicada, and on the Cicada septendecim. Linn. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5: 273-275.
Chilcote, C. A., and F. W. Stehr. 1984. A new record for Magicicada septendecim in Michigan (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Great Lakes Entomol. 17: 53-54.
Clark, D. R. 1992. Organochlorines and heavy metals in 17-year cicadas pose no threat to birds. Environ. Monit. and Assess. 20: 47-54.
Cooley, J. R., and D. C. Marshall. 2001. Sexual signaling in periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp. Behaviour 138: 827-855.
Cooley, J. R., C. Simon, D. C. Marshall, K. Slon, and C. Ehrhardt. 2001. Allochronic speciation and reproductive character displacement in periodical cicadas supported by mitochondrial DNA, song pitch, and abdominal sternite coloration data. Molecular Ecology 10:661-672.
Cooley, J. R., G. S. Hammond, and D. C. Marshall. 1998. Effects of enamel paint on the behavior and survival of the periodical cicada, Magicicada septendecim (Homoptera), and the lesser migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera). Great Lakes Entomol. 31: 161-168.
Cory, E. N., and P. Knight. 1937. Observations on Brood X of the periodical cicada in Maryland. J. Econ. Entomol. 30: 287-294.
Cox, R. T. 1992. A comment on Pleistocene population bottlenecks in periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Evolution 46: 845-846.
Cox, R. T., and C. E. Carlton. 1988. Paleoclimatic influences in the evolution of periodical cicadas (Insecta: Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Am. Midl. Nat. 120: 183-193.
Cox, R. T., and C. E. Carlton. 1991. Evidence of genetic dominance of the 13-year life cycle in periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Am. Midl. Nat. 125: 63-74.
Cox, R. T., and C. E. Carlton. 1998. A commentary on prime numbers and life cycles of periodical cicadas. Am. Nat. 152: 162-1647.
Craig, F. W. 1941. Observations on the periodical cicada. J. Econ. Entomol. 34: 122-123.
Davis, W. T. 1928. The occasional appearance of the seventeen-year cicada in the fall, and Brood No. 1 on Long Island, NY in 1927. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 23: 64-66.
Deay, H. O. 1952. The periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim (L.) in Indiana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 62: 203-206.
Dunning, D. C., J. A. Byers, and C. D. Zanger. 1979. Courtship in two species of periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim and Magicicada cassini. Anim. Behav. 27: 1073-1090.
Dybas, H. S. 1969. The 17-year cicada: a four-year "mistake"? Bull. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. 40: 10-12.
Dybas, H. S., and D. D. Davis. 1962. A population census of seventeen-year periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Ecology 43: 432-444.
Dybas, H. S., and M. Lloyd. 1962. Isolation by habitat in two synchronized species of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Ecology 43: 444-459.
Dybas, H. S., and M. Lloyd. 1974. The habitats of 17-year periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.). Ecol. Monogr. 44: 279-324.
Forbush, E. H. 1924. Gulls and terns feeding on the seventeen-year cicada. Auk 41: 468-470.
Forsyth, H, Y., Jr. 1975. Ovipositional host plants of 17-year cicadas. Ohio Agric. Res. Dev. Ctr. Res. Circ. 210. 19 pp.
Forsyth, H. Y., Jr. 1976. Distribution and species of 17-year cicadas in Broods V and VIII in Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 76: 254-258.
Forsyth, H. Y., Jr. 1976. Estimating nymphal populations of 17-year cicadas in eastern Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 76: 95-96.
Forsyth, H. Y., Jr. 1976. Number of seventeen-year cicada eggs per nest. Environ. Entomol. 5: 169-170.
Forsyth, H. Y., Jr. 1977. Effect of sun exposure on emergence of 17-year cicadas. Ohio J. Sci. 77: 183-185.
Froeschner, R. C. 1952. A synopsis of the Cicadidae of Missouri. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 60: 1-14.
Graham, C., and A. B. Cochran. 1954. The periodical cicada in Maryland in 1953. J. Econ. Entomol. 47: 242-244.
Gogala, M. 1991. Cicadas in seventeen or thirteen year cycles. Proteus 54: 3-10.
Gogala, M. 1991. The discovery of seventeen and thirteen year cycles in cicadas. Proteus 54: 74-75.
Goldstein, B. 1929. A cytological study of the fungus Massospora cicadina, parasitic on the 17-year cicada, Magicicada septendecim. Am. J. Bot. 16: 394-401, plates XXIII-XXV.
Goles, E., A. B. Schultz, and M. Markus. 2001. Prime number selection of cycles in a predator-prey model. Complexity 6: 33-38.
Gossard, H. A. 1917. Distribution of the Ohio broods of periodical cicada with reference to soil. Bull. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta. 311: 555-577.
Graham, C., and A. B. Cochran. 1954. The periodical cicada in Maryland in 1953. J. Econ. Entomol. 47: 242-244.
Hahus, S. C., and K. G. Smith. 1990. Food habits of Blarina, Peromyscus, and Microtus in relation to an emergence of periodical cicadas (Magicicada). J. Mammol. 71(2): 249-252.
Hahn, W. L. 1905. Note on the recurrence of Brood V of Tibicen septendecim in Porter Co, Indiana. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 1905: 227.
Hamilton, D. W. 1961. Periodical cicadas, Magicicada spp., as pests in apple orchards. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 71: 116-121.
Hamilton, D. W., and M. L. Cleveland. 1964. Periodical cicadas in 1963, Brood 23. Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 72: 167-170.
Haseman, L. 1915. The periodical cicada in Missouri. Univ. Missouri Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 137: 1-33.
Haseman, L. 1919. Brood X of the periodical cicada in Missouri. J. Econ. Entomol. 12: 467.
Heath, J. E. 1964. Temperature regulation of the periodical cicada, Magicicada cassini. Am. Zool. 4: 31.
Heath, J. E. 1967. Temperature responses of the periodical "17-year" cicada, Magicicada cassini (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Am. Midl. Nat. 77: 64-76.
Heath, J. E. 1968. Thermal synchronization of emergence in periodical "17-year" cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Am. Midl. Nat. 80: 440-447.
Heliovaara, K., and R. Vaisanen. 1985. 13- and 17-year cicadas of North America. Luonnon tutkija 89: 88-93.
Heliovaara, K., R. Vaisanen, and C. Simon. 1994. The evolutionary ecology of periodical insects. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 475-480.
Hewitt, G. M., R. A. Nichols, and M. G. Ritchie. 1988. 1868 and all that for Magicicada. Nature 336: 206-207.
Hickernell, L. M. 1920. The digestive system of the periodical cicada, Tibicen septendecim Linn. I. Morphology of the system in the adult cicada. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 13: 223-242.
Hickernell, L. M. 1923. The digestive system of the periodical cicada, Tibicen septendecim Linn. III. Morphology of the system in the nymph. Biol. Bull. 45: 213-221.
Hildreth, S. P. 1830. Notices and observations on the American cicada, or locust. Am. J. Sci. 18: 47-50.
Hoback, W. W., R. L. Rana, D. W. Stanley. 1999. Fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacylglycerols of selected tissues, and fatty acid biosynthesis in adult periodical cicadas, Magicicada septendecim. Compar. Biochem. and Physiol. 122: 355-362.
Hogmire, H. W., T. A. Baugher, V. L. Crim, and S. I. Walter. 1990. Effects and control of periodical cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae) oviposition injury on nonbearing apple trees. J. Econ. Entomol. 83: 2401-2404.
Hoppenstedt, F. C., and J. B. Keller. 1976. Synchronization of periodical cicada emergences. Science 194: 335-337.
Howard, L. O. 1898. A new egg-parasite of the periodical cicada. Canadian Entomol. 30: 102-103.
Howard, W. J. 1937. Bird behavior as a result of emergence of seventeen-year locusts. Wilson Bull. 49: 43-44.
Huber, F., H. U. Kleindienst, T. E. Moore, K. Schildberger, and T. Weber. 1990. Acoustic communication in periodical cicadas: neuronal responses to songs of sympatric species. In: Gribakin, F.G., Wiese, K. & Popov, A.V. [Eds]. Sensory systems and communication in arthropods. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Boston & Berlin 1990: i-xviii, 1-423.
Huber, F., D. W. Wohlers, and T. E. Moore. 1980. Auditory nerve and interneurone responses to natural sounds in several species of cicadas. Physiol. Entomol. 5: 25-45.
Hunter, P. E., and H. O. Lund. 1960. Biology of the periodical cicada in Georgia. J. Econ. Entomol. 53: 961-963.
Hyslop, J. A. 1935. The periodical cicada. U.S.D.A. Entomol. and Plant Quar. Bur. Series E-364. 12p.
Irwin, M. D., and J. R. Coelho. 2000. Distribution of the Iowan Brood of Periodical CIcadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.) in Illinois. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 93: 82- 89.
Ito, Y. 1998. Role of escape from predators in periodical cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae) cycles. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 91: 493-496.
Jacobs, M. 1954. Observations on the two forms of the periodical cicada Magicicada septendecim (L.). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 63: 177-179.
James, D. A., K. S. Williams, and K. G. Smith. 1986. Survey of 1985 periodical cicada (Homoptera: Magicicada) emergence sites in Washington County, Arkansas, with reference to ecological implications. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci. 40: 37-39
Kalisz, P. J. 1994. Spatial and temporal patterns of emergence of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae) in a mountainous forest region. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 55: 118-123.
Karban, R. 1980. Periodical cicadas impose periodical oak wood accumulation. Nature: 287: 326-327.
Karban, R. 1981. Effects of local density on fecundity and mating speed for periodical cicadas. Oecologia 51: 260-264.
Karban, R. 1981. Flight and dispersal of periodical cicadas. Oecologia 49: 385-390.
Karban, R. 1982. Experimental removal of 17-year cicada nymphs and growth of host apple trees. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 90: 74-81.
Karban, R. 1982. Increased reproductive success at high densities and predator satiation for periodical cicadas. Ecology 63: 321-328.
Karban, R. 1983. Induced responses of cherry trees to periodical cicada oviposition. Oecologia 59: 226-231.
Karban, R. 1983. Sexual selection, body size and sex-related mortality in the cicada Magicicada cassini. Am. Midl. Nat. 109: 324-330.
Karban, R. 1984. Opposite density effects of nymphal and adult mortality for periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.). Ecology 65: 1656-1661.
Karban, R. 1985. Addition of periodical cicada (Magicicada spp.) nymphs to an oak (Quercus ilicifolia) forest: Effects on cicada density, acorn production, and rootlet density. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 58: 269-276.
Karban, R. 1986. Prolonged development in cicadas. In: F. Taylor and R. Karban (eds), Evolution of Insect Life Cycles. NY: Springer-Verlag.
Karban, R. 1997. Evolution of prolonged development: a life table analysis for periodical cicadas. Am. Nat. 150: 446-461.
Karlin, A. A., K. S. Williams, K. G. Smith, and D. W. Sugg. 1991. Biochemical evidence for rapid changes in heterozygosity in a population of periodical cicadas (Magicicada tredecassini). Am. Midl. Nat. 125: 213-221.
Kellner, C. J., K. G. Smith, N. C. Wilkinson, and D. A. James. 1990. Influence of periodical cicadas on foraging behavior of insectivorous birds in an Ozark forest. Stud. Avian Biol. 13: 375-380.
Klein, U., C. Bock, W. A. Kafka, and T. E. Moore. 1988. Antennal sensilla of Magicicada cassini (Fisher) (Homoptera: Cicadidae): fine structure and electrophysiological evidence for olfaction. Int. J. of Insect Morphol. and Embryol. 17: 153-167
Kritsky, G. 1987. An historical analysis of periodical cicadas in Indiana (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 97: 295-322.
Kritsky, G. 1988. The 1987 emergence of the periodical cicada (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.: Brood X) in Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 88: 168-170
Kritsky, G. 1989. Periodical cicadas. Nature 341: 288-289.
Kritsky, G. 1992. The 1991 emergence of the periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.: Brood XIV) in Ohio. Ohio J. of Science 92: 38-39
Kritsky, G., and R. H. Meyer. 1976. The emergence of the periodical cicada (Brood XXIII) in Illinois in 1976 (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Trans., Ill. St. Acad. Sci. 69: 196-199.
Kritsky, G., and S. Simon. 1996. The unexpected 1995 emergence of periodical cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) in Ohio. Ohio J. Sci. 96: 27-28.
Kritsky, G., and F. N. Young. 1992. Observations on periodical cicadas (Brood XIII) in Indiana in 1990 (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 100: 45-47
Kritsky, G., and F. N. Young. 1993. Observations on periodical cicadas (Brood XIV) in Indiana in 1991 (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Proc. Indiana Acad. Sci. 101: 59-61
Krohne, D. T., T. J. Couillard, and J. C. Riddle. 1991. Population responses of Peromyscus leucopus and Blarina brevicauda to emergence of periodical cicadas. Am. Midl. Nat. 126: 317-321.
Leidy, J. 1851. Notes on the fungus disease of Cicada septendecim. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 5: 235.
LeBaron, W. 1872. Periodical cicada. In: Second annual report on the noxious and beneficial insects of the state of Illinois. Trans., Ill. St. Hort. Soc. for 1871, p. 124-133.
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Lloyd, M. 1987. A successful rearing of 13-year periodical cicadas beyond their present range and beyond that of 17-year cicadas. Am. Midl. Nat. 117: 362-368.
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Lloyd, M., and R. Karban. 1983. Chorusing centers of periodical cicadas. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 56: 299-304.
Lloyd, M., G. Kritsky, and C. Simon. 1983. A simple Mendelian model for the 13- and 17-year life cycle of periodical cicadas, with historical evidence for hybridization between them. Evolution 37: 1162-1180.
Lloyd, M., and J. White. 1976. On the oviposition habits of 13-year versus 17-year periodical cicadas of the same species. J. New York Entomol. Soc. 84: 148-155.
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Lloyd, M., and J. White. 1983. Why is one of the periodical cicadas (Magicicada septendecula) a comparatively rare species? Ecol. Entomol. 8: 293-303.
Lloyd, M., and J. White. 1987. Xylem feeding by periodical cicada nymphs on pine and grass roots, with novel suggestions for pest control in conifer plantations and orchards. Ohio J. Sci. 87: 50-54.
Lloyd, M., J. White, and N. Stanton. 1982. Dispersal of fungus-infected periodical cicadas to new habitat. Environ. Entomol. 11: 852-858.
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Martin, A., and C. Simon. 1990. Differing levels of among-population divergence in the mitochondrial DNA of periodical cicadas related to historical biogeography. Evolution 44: 1066-1080.
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