Periodical Cicada
Frequently Asked Questions
Éa selection of answers to some commonly emailed
questions about periodical cicadas
When will the periodical cicadas appear in my area?
None are expected in 2006. The next emergence (17-year Brood XIII) will occur in the
upper Midwest (including Chicago) in late May through June of 2007. Check out the brood maps on the main
site for upcoming years. Even if
the maps suggest that cicadas are going to emerge be in your area, remember
that cicada populations are patchy, so they may be in woods nearby, but not at
your house, etc. Periodical
cicadas are only found east of the Great Plains.
When do the cicadas start to come out?
In the springtime – late April or May in the
warmer states and May or early June in the cooler states. (The nonperiodical Òannual cicadaÓ species emerge from late June
into late summer. See the main
site for explanations of periodical vs. annual cicadas.)
When exactly do they start to come out? (i.e., IÕm planning a
wedding in May! Help!)
Check out the Cicada Wedding Guide at
www.cicadamania.com.
How long will the cicadas be out in my
yard/neighborhood/city?
About 4-6 weeks after they first start emerging. Most individual cicadas live only a few
weeks, but since they emerge over a period of two weeks or so the whole event
lasts longer. The serious noise
will get going about a week and half after you first notice them and will last
about two weeks more. After that
things get a lot quieter.
Will cicadas chew up my plants?
No, cicadas do not chew – they have no chewing
mouthparts, and they feed (drink, really) more like aphids. Adult and nymphal cicadas feed on plant
sap called xylem - the watery part of the plant sap - which they suck up
through their proboscis (feeding tube).
Feeding by periodical cicadas does not seem to affect trees and shrubs
very much because they take only a small fraction of the water passing through.
Will cicadas hurt my perennials/annuals?
Probably not, cicadas have little interest in these
plants (except if any are woody). You may see teneral (newly emerged) cicadas
sitting on such plants, or emerging on them, but they will soon move up into
the trees.
Will cicadas hurt my young trees?
Possibly. Adult cicadas singing and flying and feeding
on young trees are very unlikely to do any damage. However, females do
pierce/cut small branches on woody plants to insert their eggs, and if too many
cicadas do this the branches may weaken, die and/or break off. The best way to
prevent this is to cover such young plants with cheesecloth, but before going
to this trouble wait until you see how many cicadas are out in your immediate
area (female cicadas will not begin laying eggs until at least one week after
they first emerge, so there is no hurry).
Cicadas do not usually move more than a few hundred meters to lay their
eggs.
Can the cicadas hurt me?
No.
Cicadas donÕt bite or sting defensively, and they are not toxic or poisonous.
I saw lots of cicadas emerge but they all
disappeared and I canÕt hear any singing – where did they go?
Newly emerged cicadas (teneral cicadas) take about
five days of good weather before the males start singing. Tenerals move higher into the trees
when they have hardened enough to climb.
Many of the early-emerging cicadas are eaten by birds as well –
look for discarded wings on the ground under the trees.
I hear a loud repetitive noise at night, is this
cicadas singing?
No, there are no cicadas in the U.S. that sing at
night. When Magicicada populations
are very dense, some individuals may utter short bursts of sound during
unusually hot nights, but this behavior is not typical. Most noises at night
are crickets, katydids, or frogs.
Can cicadas see (i.e., did it have to land on me)?
Yes, cicadas have very good vision. They have five
eyes (two large red compound eyes on the sides of the head, and three small
ocelli (simple eyes) located in a triangle on the front of the head). Periodical cicadas simply donÕt much
care what they land on, since in natural circumstances everything they land on
is a tree; donÕt take it personally when periodical cicadas land on your head/pet/car
etc. Even the nymphs can see when they emerge from their burrows to
metamorphose - they can head towards a tree (or your leg!) - anything vertical
- in the near-darkness from many meters away.
How loud are periodical cicadas?
This is not an easy question to answer, since it
depends where you are - even a 747 taking off sounds quiet if you are a mile
away! Some of the louder choruses
reach 90+ decibels as perceived while standing under the tree. Individual periodical cicadas are
actually not that loud as cicadas go.
Why do I hear cicadas every year?
There are 150 or so species of cicada in the U.S.
(including species of Okanagana, Diceroprocta, Cicadetta,
Neocicada, Cacama, Okanagodes,
Magicicada and other genera). Only the seven Magicicada species have synchronized development and ÒperiodicalÓ
emergences (meaning that all individuals in a population are always the same
age). The rest of the species (the
so-called Òannual cicadasÓ) have unsynchronized development, so some
individuals mature in every year and we hear them every summer. Check out the main cicada pages to find
out more about these annual species.
What purpose do they serve?
This question is tough to answer from a scientific
point of view because biologists explain organisms as products of natural
selection, the evolutionary process in which traits that increase reproductive
success tend to be preserved in future generations. However, in biology we do examine the effects that cicadas
and other species have on each other and on their environment, and this is
related to what people often have in mind when they ask about the purpose of a
given species. Periodical cicadas
are exploited as a food source by a wide variety of species, but only
underground or microsymbiotic organisms can evolve to specialize on them since
they appear aboveground so rarely.
The tunnels of nymphal cicadas aerate the soil and presumably influence
soil ecology and tree growth. The
twig damage caused by female oviposition actually acts like a pruning for some
trees, stimulating future growth.
For many people, periodical cicadas are a marvel of nature, a source of
many intriguing evolutionary puzzlesÉ.or, for some, just a nuisance.