A listing of Chironomidae
reported from California
Version of November 1999
The present edition contains 91 genera and 245 species. 19 of the latter (species name underlined) to my knowledge have not previously been reported from California.
The taxa are arranged alphabetically, as that is the system least subject to change over time and differences in opinion.
A second table column on the right gives references for California occurrence of the respective species on the same line. Unfortunately, some browsers may be unable to perfectly reproduce the two-column layout of my source file. If you have any problems, you are welcome to email me for an orderly copy.
Wherever there is no entry in the right-hand column, California has already been specifically included in that particular species’ distribution by the latest Nearctic catalog (Oliver, Dillon & Cranston 1990, Oliver & Dillon 1994; in the following referred to as "NACAT"). For species listed by NACAT as "widespread", I give at least one source for actual records from California. An entry like "Smith (1975), not NACAT" means that in contrast to the reference cited, distribution according to NACAT does not include California or any neighboring state. Unpublished personal observations are shown as "MS".
Every time the list will be updated, alterations will be signalled and dated (month/year) - example: New 5/2000 - allowing you to quickly find changes since the latest version you have seen.
Whenever you notice an error, publish a new California record, or have any other comment, please don’t hesitate to contact me. And if you download and work with this file, kindly do not distribute any copies without my consent if you have made alterations I don’t know of. Thank you for your understanding!
| Taxa | References for California |
|
|
|
| CHIRONOMINAE | |
| Chironomini | |
| Apedilum Townes, 1945 | |
| elachistum Townes, 1945 | |
| subcinctum Townes, 1945 | |
| Chernovskiia Sæther, 1977 | |
| orbicus (Townes, 1945) | |
| Chironomus Meigen, 1803 | |
| anonymus Williston, 1896 | |
| anthracinus Zetterstedt, 1860 | |
| atrella (Townes, 1945) | |
| calligraphus Goeldi, 1905 | Spies & Reiss (1996), not NACAT |
| cucini Webb, 1969 | |
| decorus Johannsen, 1905 | Townes (1945), not NACAT |
| frommeri Sublette & Sublette, 1971 | |
| longipes Staeger, 1839 | Sublette & Sublette (1965), not NACAT |
| maturus Johannsen, 1908 | |
| mendax Storå, 1936 | |
| plumosus (Linné, 1758) | Sublette (1960) |
| riparius Meigen, 1804 | Sublette (1960) |
| staegeri Lundbeck, 1898 | |
| stigmaterus Say, 1823 | |
| tuxis Curran, 1930 | Whitsel et al. (1963), not NACAT |
| utahensis Malloch, 1915 | |
| whitseli Sublette & Sublette, 1974 | |
| Cladopelma Kieffer, 1921 | |
| amachaerus (Townes, 1945) | |
| edwardsi (Kruseman, 1933) | |
| forcipis (Rempel, 1939) | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| viridulum (Linné, 1767) | |
| Cryptochironomus Kieffer, 1918 | |
| curryi Mason, 1986 | Darby (1962) according to Mason (1986) |
| digitatus (Malloch, 1915) | Townes (1945), not NACAT |
| fulvus (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| ponderosus (Sublette, 1964) | MS, not NACAT |
| Cryptotendipes Beck & Beck, 1969 | |
| ariel (Sublette, 1960) | |
| darbyi (Sublette, 1960) | |
| Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 | |
| californicus (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| crypticus Epler, 1987 | |
| fumidus (Johannsen, 1905) | Epler (1987), not NACAT |
| modestus (Say, 1823) | Sublette (1960), Epler (1988) |
| nervosus (Staeger, 1839) | |
| tritomus (Kieffer, 1916) | Epler (1987), not NACAT |
| Endochironomus Kieffer, 1918 | |
| nigricans (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| Endotribelos Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| hesperium (Sublette, 1960) | |
| Glyptotendipes Kieffer, 1913 | |
| barbipes (Staeger, 1839) | Grodhaus (1967), not NACAT |
| lobiferus (Say, 1823) | |
| Goeldichironomus Fittkau, 1965 | |
| amazonicus (Fittkau, 1968) | Sublette & Mulla (1991), not NACAT |
| holoprasinus (Goeldi, 1905) | |
| Harnischia Kieffer, 1921 | |
| curtilamellata (Malloch, 1915) | Sublette (1960) |
| Kiefferulus Goetghebuer, 1922 | |
| modocensis (Sublette, 1960) | |
| Lauterborniella Thienemann & Bause, 1913 | |
| agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911) | |
| Microchironomus Kieffer, 1918 | |
| nigrovittatus (Malloch, 1915) | |
| Microtendipes Kieffer, 1915 | |
| caducus Townes, 1945 | |
| pedellus (De Geer, 1776) | |
| Nilothauma Kieffer, 1920 | |
| babiyi (Rempel, 1937) | MS, not NACAT |
| mirabile (Townes, 1945) | MS, not NACAT |
| Parachironomus Lenz, 1921 | |
| abortivus (Malloch, 1915) | MS, not NACAT |
| chaetoalus (Sublette, 1960) | |
| directus (Dendy & Sublette, 1959) | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| frequens (Johannsen, 1905) | Sublette (1960) |
| hirtalatus (Beck & Beck, 1964) | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| tenuicaudatus (Malloch, 1915) | Sublette (1960), Frommer & Sublette (1971) |
| Paracladopelma Harnisch, 1923 | |
| alphaeus (Sublette, 1960) | |
| Paratendipes Kieffer, 1911 | |
| albimanus (Meigen, 1818) | |
| fuscitibia Sublette, 1960 | |
| subaequalis (Malloch, 1915) | |
| thermophilus Townes, 1945 | |
| Phaenopsectra Kieffer, 1921 | |
| dyari (Townes, 1945) | |
| flavipes (Meigen, 1818) | |
| mortensoni Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| pilicellata Grodhaus, 1976 | |
| profusa (Townes, 1945) | |
| Polypedilum Kieffer, 1912 | |
| albicorne (Meigen, 1838) | |
| albinodus Townes, 1945 | |
| angustum Townes, 1945 | |
| apicatum Townes, 1945 | |
| artifer (Curran, 1930) | |
| aviceps Townes, 1945 | |
| californicum Sublette, 1960 | |
| cinctum Townes, 1945 | |
| cultellatum Goetghebuer, 1932 | Oyewo & Sæther (1998), not NACAT |
| digitifer Townes, 1945 | Soponis & Simpson (1992) |
| halterale (Coquillett, 1901) | Sublette (1960) |
| illinoense (Malloch, 1915) | |
| isocerus Townes, 1945 | |
| labeculosum (Mitchell, 1908) | |
| laetum (Meigen, 1818) | |
| obelos Sublette & Sasa, 1994 | MS, not NACAT |
| ophioides Townes, 1945 | |
| parvum Townes, 1945 | |
| pedatum Townes, 1945 | |
| scalaenum (Schrank, 1803) | Sublette (1960) |
| sulaceps Townes, 1945 | |
| tritum (Walker, 1856) | |
| Robackia Sæther, 1977 | |
| demeijerei (Kruseman, 1933) | Leland & Fend (1998), not NACAT |
| Sergentia Kieffer, 1922 | |
| albescens (Townes, 1945) | |
| Stenochironomus Kieffer, 1919 | |
| colei (Malloch, 1919) | |
| fuscipatellus Borkent, 1984 | |
| totifuscus Sublette, 1960 | |
| Stictochironomus Kieffer, 1919 | |
| naevus (Mitchell, 1908) | |
| quagga (Townes, 1945) | |
| Synendotendipes Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| luski Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| Tribelos Townes, 1945 | |
| jucundum (Walker, 1848) | |
| subatrum Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| subletteorum Grodhaus, 1987 | |
| Pseudochironomini | |
| Pseudochironomus Malloch, 1915 | |
| richardsoni Malloch, 1915 | |
| Tanytarsini | |
| Caladomyia Säwedal, 1981 | |
| pistra Sublette & Sasa, 1994 | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| Cladotanytarsus Kieffer, 1921 | |
| viridiventris (Malloch, 1915) | |
| Micropsectra Kieffer, 1909 | |
| nigripila (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| polita (Malloch, 1915) | |
| Paratanytarsus Thienemann & Bause, 1913 | |
| grimmii (Schneider, 1885) | MS, not NACAT |
| Tanytarsus van der Wulp, 1874 | |
| angulatus Kawai, 1991 | Spies (1998a) |
| challeti Spies, 1998 | Spies (1998a) |
| dendyi Sublette, 1964 | Ali & Mulla (1976), not NACAT |
| hastatus Sublette & Sasa, 1994 | Spies & Reiss (1996) |
| limneticus Sublette, 1964 | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| mendax Kieffer, 1925 | Spies (1998b), not NACAT |
| neoflavellus Malloch, 1915 | Anderson et al. (1964), not NACAT |
| pelsuei Spies, 1998 | Spies (1998a) |
|
|
|
| DIAMESINAE | |
| Diamesini | |
| Diamesa Meigen, 1835 | |
| chorea Lundbeck, 1898 | |
| davisi Edwards, 1933 | Hansen & Cook (1976), not NACAT |
| heteropus (Coquillett, 1905) | Hansen & Cook (1976) |
| japonica Tokunaga, 1936 | |
| sonorae Willassen, 1985 | |
| spinacies Sæther, 1969 | |
| Pseudodiamesa Goetghebuer, 1939 | |
| branickii (Nowicki, 1873) | |
| Sympotthastia Pagast, 1947 | |
| diastena (Sublette, 1964) | |
|
|
|
| ORTHOCLADIINAE | |
| Brillia Kieffer, 1913 | |
| parva (Johannsen, 1934) | Frommer & Sublette (1971), not NACAT |
| retifinis Sæther, 1969 | |
| Cardiocladius Kieffer, 1912 | |
| platypus (Coquillett, 1902) | |
| Chasmatonotus Loew 1864 | |
| hyalinus Coquillett, 1905 | |
| maculipennis Rempel, 1937 | |
| univittatus Coquillett, 1900 | |
| Clunio Haliday, 1855 | |
| californiensis Hashimoto, 1974 | |
| Cricotopus van der Wulp, 1874 | |
| annulator Goetghebuer, 1927 | |
| bicinctus (Meigen, 1818) | Darby (1962) |
| blinni Sublette, 1998 | Sublette et al. (1998) |
| furtivus Sublette & Sublette, 1971 | |
| fuscatus Wirth, 1957 | |
| globistylus Roback, 1957 | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| herrmanni Sublette, 1998 | Sublette et al. (1998) |
| infuscatus (Malloch, 1915) | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| nostocicola Wirth, 1957 | |
| obscurifuscus Sublette & Sublette, 1971 | |
| ornatus (Meigen, 1818) | MS, not NACAT |
| parafuscatus Sublette & Sublette, 1971 | |
| subletteorum Spies, 1999 | Spies (1999) |
| sylvestris (Fabricius, 1794) | Darby (1962) |
| trifascia Edwards, 1929 | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| Doithrix Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| barberi Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| ensifer Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| Eretmoptera Kellogg, 1900 | |
| browni Kellogg, 1900 | |
| Eukiefferiella Thienemann, 1926 | |
| claripennis (Lundbeck, 1898) | MS, not NACAT |
| coerulescens (Kieffer, 1926) | MS, not NACAT |
| devonica (Edwards, 1929) | |
| ilkleyensis (Edwards, 1929) | MS, not NACAT |
| Euryhapsis Oliver, 1981 | |
| annuliventris (Malloch, 1915) | |
| illoba Oliver, 1981 | |
| Georthocladius Strenzke, 1941 | |
| platystylus Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| wirthi Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| Heterotrissocladius Spärck, 1923 | |
| oliveri Sæther, 1975 | |
| Hydrobaenus Fries, 1830 | |
| pilipes (Malloch, 1915) | |
| Limnophyes Eaton, 1875 | |
| asquamatus Andersen, 1937 | |
| natalensis (Kieffer, 1914) | MS, not NACAT |
| Metriocnemus van der Wulp, 1874 | |
| edwardsi Jones, 1916 | |
| Nanocladius Kieffer, 1913 | |
| anderseni Sæther, 1977 | MS, not NACAT |
| Orthocladius van der Wulp, 1874 | |
| appersoni Soponis, 1977 | |
| carlatus (Roback, 1957) | |
| dubitatus Johannsen, 1942 | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| frigidus (Zetterstedt, 1838) | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| hellenthali Soponis, 1977 | |
| lignicola Kieffer, 1915 | Soponis (1977), not NACAT |
| mallochi Kieffer, 1919 | |
| obumbratus (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| rubicundus (Meigen, 1818) | Soponis (1977), not NACAT |
| subletti Soponis, 1977 | |
| Parachaetocladius Wülker, 1959 | |
| imberbus Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| Parakiefferiella Thienemann, 1936 | |
| subaterrima (Malloch, 1915) | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
| Parametriocnemus Goetghebuer, 1932 | |
| lundbeckii (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| Paraphaenocladius Spärck & Thienemann, 1924 | |
| exagitans (Johannsen, 1905) | Sæther & Wang (1995), not NACAT |
| innasus Sæther & Wang, 1995 | Sæther & Wang (1995) |
| Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu, 1918 | |
| rufiventris (Meigen, 1830) | MS, not NACAT |
| Psectrocladius Kieffer, 1906 | |
| barbimanus (Edwards, 1929) | MS, not NACAT |
| spinifer (Johannsen, 1928) | |
| vernalis Malloch, 1915 | Lothrop & Mulla (1995), not NACAT |
| Pseudorthocladius Goetghebuer, 1932 | |
| dumicaudus Sæther, 1969 | |
| uniserratus Sæther & Sublette, 1983 | |
| Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932 | |
| forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921) | MS, not NACAT |
| nanseni Kieffer, 1926 | |
| Symbiocladius Kieffer, 1925 | |
| equitans (Claassen, 1922) | |
| Tethymyia Wirth, 1949 | |
| aptena Wirth, 1949 | |
| Thalassosmittia Strenzke & Remmert, 1957 | |
| clavicornis (Saunders, 1928) | |
| marina (Saunders, 1928) | |
| pacifica (Saunders, 1928) | |
| Tvetenia Kieffer, 1922 | |
| vitracies (Sæther, 1969) | Sublette et al. (1998), not NACAT |
|
|
|
| PODONOMINAE | |
| Boreochlini | |
| Boreochlus Edwards, 1938 | |
| persimilis (Johannsen, 1926) | |
| sinuaticornis Brundin, 1966 | |
| Podonomini | |
| Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 | |
| kiefferi (Garrett, 1925) | |
|
|
|
| TANYPODINAE | |
| Coelotanypodini | |
| Clinotanypus Kieffer, 1913 | |
| pinguis (Loew, 1861) | Roback (1976) |
| Macropelopiini | |
| Alotanypus Roback, 1971 | |
| venustus (Coquillett, 1902) | |
| Apsectrotanypus Fittkau, 1962 | |
| algens (Coquillett, 1902) | Wirth & Stone (1956), not NACAT |
| Brundiniella Roback, 1978 | |
| eumorpha (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Derotanypus Roback, 1971 | |
| aclines (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Psectrotanypus Kieffer, 1909 | |
| dyari (Coquillett, 1902) | |
| Radotanypus Fittkau & Murray, 1985 | |
| florens (Johannsen, 1908) | |
| submarginellus (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Natarsiini | |
| Natarsia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| miripes (Coquillett, 1905) | |
| Pentaneurini | |
| Ablabesmyia Johannsen, 1905 | |
| annulata (Say, 1823) | |
| aspera (Roback, 1959) | |
| cinctipes (Johannsen, 1946) | |
| mallochi (Walley, 1925) | |
| monilis (Linné, 1758) | Sublette (1964), Roback (1971) |
| peleensis (Walley, 1926) | Sublette (1964) |
| Conchapelopia Fittkau, 1957 | |
| pallens (Coquillett, 1902) | |
| Hayesomyia Murray & Fittkau, 1985 | |
| senata (Walley, 1925) | |
| Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| maculata Roback, 1971 | |
| pilosella (Loew, 1866) | Sublette (1964), Roback (1987) |
| Larsia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| decolorata (Malloch, 1915) | MS, not NACAT |
| lyra (Sublette, 1964) | |
| marginella (Malloch, 1915) | Wirth & Stone (1956) , not NACAT |
| planensis (Johannsen, 1946) | |
| sequoiaensis (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Meropelopia Roback, 1971 | |
| flavifrons (Johannsen, 1905) | |
| Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| tenuicalcar (Kieffer, 1918) | |
| Nilotanypus Kieffer, 1923 | |
| fimbriatus (Walker, 1848) | Roback (1986) |
| Paramerina Fittkau, 1962 | |
| smithae (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Pentaneura Philippi, 1865 | |
| inconspicua (Malloch, 1915) | |
| inyoensis Sublette, 1964 | |
| Thienemannimyia Fittkau, 1957 | |
| barberi (Coquillett, 1902) | |
| fusciceps (Edwards, 1929) | |
| Xenopelopia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| tincta Roback, 1971 | |
| Zavrelimyia Fittkau, 1962 | |
| sinuosa (Coquillett, 1905) | |
| thryptica (Sublette, 1964) | |
| Procladiini | |
| Procladius Skuse, 1889 | |
| barbatulus Sublette, 1964 | |
| bellus (Loew, 1866) | |
| culiciformis (Linné, 1767) | |
| denticulatus Sublette, 1964 | |
| freemani Sublette, 1964 | |
| sublettei Roback, 1971 | |
| Tanypodini | |
| Tanypus Meigen, 1803 | |
| carinatus Sublette, 1964 | |
| grodhausi Sublette, 1964 | |
| imperialis Sublette, 1964 | |
| neopunctipennis Sublette, 1964 | Lothrop & Mulla (1995) , not NACAT |
| nubifer Coquillett, 1905 | |
| parastellatus Sublette, 1964 | |
| punctipennis Meigen, 1818 | |
| stellatus Coquillett, 1902 | Sublette (1964), Roback (1971), not NACAT |
|
|
|
| TELMATOGETONINAE | |
| Telmatogeton Schiner, 1866 | |
| alaskense Coquillett, 1900 | |
| macswaini Wirth, 1949 | |
| spinosum (Hashimoto, 1973) | |
| trilobatum (Kieffer, 1911) |
REFERENCES
Ali, A. & Mulla, M. S. 1976. Substrate type as a factor influencing spatial distribution of Chironomid midges in an urban flood control channel system. Env. Ent. 5: 631-636
Anderson, L. D., Bay, E. C. & Ingram, A. A. 1964. Studies of Chironomid midge control in water-spreading basins near Montebello, California. Calif. Vector Views 11: 13-20
Darby, R. E. 1962. Midges associated with California rice fields, with special reference to their ecology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Hilgardia 32: 1-206
Epler, J. H. 1987. Revision of the Nearctic Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Evol. Monogr. 9: 1-102 + 241 figures
Epler, J. H. 1988. Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the world. Mem. Am. Ent. Soc. 36: 1-214
Frommer, S. I. & Sublette, J. E. 1971. The Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Philip H. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center, Riverside Co. , California. Can. Ent. 103: 414-423
Grodhaus, G. 1967. Identification of Chironomid midges commonly associated with waste stabilization lagoons in California. Calif. Vector Views 14: 1-12
Hansen, D. C. & Cook, E. F. 1976. The systematics and morphology of the Nearctic species of Diamesa Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae). Mem. Am. Ent. Soc. 30: 1-203
Leland, H. V. & Fend, S. V. 1998. Benthic invertebrate distributions in the San Joaquin River, California, in relation to physical and chemical factors. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 55: 1051-1067
Lothrop, B. B. & Mulla, M. S. 1995. Mode of existence and seasonality of midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) in man-made lakes in the Coachella Valley, southern California. J. Am. Mosqu. Vector Control Assoc. 11 (1): 77-85
Mason, P. G. 1986. Four new species of the Cryptochironomus fulvus (Johannsen) species complex (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ent. scand. 16: 399-413
Oliver, D. R. & Dillon, M. E. 1994. Corrections and additions to "A catalog of Nearctic Chironomidae". Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 96: 8 - 10
Oliver, D. R. , Dillon, M. E. & Cranston, P. S. 1990. A catalog of Nearctic Chironomidae. Agric. Can. Res. Branch Public. 1857/B. 89 pp.
Oyewo, E. & Sæther, O. A. 1998. Revision of Afrotropical Polypedilum Kieffer subgen. Uresipedilum Sasa et Kikuchi, 1995 (Diptera: Chironomidae), with a review of the subgenus. Annls Limnol. 34: 315-362
Reiss, F. 1972. Die Tanytarsini (Chironomidae: Diptera) Südchiles und Westpatagoniens. Mit Hinweisen auf die Tanytarsini-Fauna der Neotropis. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna 7: 49-94
Roback, S. S. 1971. The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera: Chironomidae). Monogr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 17: 1-410
Roback, S. S. 1976. The immature Chironomids of the Eastern United States. I. Introduction and Tanypodinae - Coelotanypodini. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 127: 147-201
Roback, S. S. 1986. The immature Chironomids of the Eastern United States. VIII. Pentaneurini - Genus Nilotanypus, with the description of a new species from Kansas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 138: 443-465
Roback, S. S. 1987. The immature Chironomids of the Eastern United States. IX. Pentaneurini - Genus Labrundinia with the description of some Neotropical material. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 139: 159-209
Sæther, O. A. 1990. A review of the genus Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Ent. scand. Suppl. 35: 1 - 139
Sæther, O. A. & Wang, X. 1995. Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Ent. scand. Suppl. 348: 1 - 69
Säwedal, L. 1981. Amazonian Tanytarsini II. Caladomyia n. gen. and eight new species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Ent. scand. 12: 123-143
Soponis, A. R. 1977. A revision of the Nearctic species of Orthocladius (Orthocladius) van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Can. 102: 1-187
Spies, M. 1998a. Three species of Tanytarsus involved in California midge nuisance problems: descriptions, ecology, and faunal relations (Insecta, Diptera, Chironomidae). Spixiana 21: 253-270
Spies, M. 1998b. Resolution of Tanytarsus mendax Kieffer, 1925, T. dibranchius Kieffer in Zavrel, 1926, and associated names (Diptera: Chironomidae). Studia dipterol. 5: 195-210
Spies, M. (1998) 1999. Cricotopus (Isocladius) subletteorum, a new species of Chironomidae (Diptera) from the southwestern United States. J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 71: 199-207.
Spies M. & Reiss, F. 1996. Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana Suppl. 22: 61-119
Sublette, J. E. 1960. Chironomid midges of California. I. Chironominae, exclusive of Tanytarsini (= Calopsectrini. Proc. U.S. Natl Mus. 112: 197-226
Sublette, J. E. 1964. Chironomid midges of California. II. Tanypodinae, Podonominae, and Diamesinae. Proc. U.S. Natl Mus. 115: 85-136
Sublette, J. E. & Mulla, M. S. 1991. Goeldichironomus amazonicus (Diptera: Chironomidae), a potentially pestiferous midge recently discovered in California. Ent. News 102: 47-49
Sublette, J. E., Stevens, L. E. & Shannon, J. P. 1998. Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA, I: systematics and ecology. Great Basin Nat. 58: 97-146
Sublette, J. E. & Sublette, M. S. 1965. Family Chironomidae (Tendipedidae). Pp. 142-181 in Stone, A. et al. (Ed.). A catalogue of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. U.S. Dept. Agric. Handb. 276: 1-1696
Townes, H. K. 1945. The Nearctic species of Tendipedini (Diptera, Tendipedidae (= Chironomidae)). Am. Midl. Nat. 34: 1-206
Whitsel, R. H. , Vickery, C. A. jr., Rogers, C. J. & Grant, C. D. 1963. Studies on the biology and control of Chironomid midges in the San Francisco Bay area. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 31: 83 - 94
Wirth, W. W. & Stone, A. 1956. 14. Aquatic Diptera. Pp. 372-482 in Usinger, R. L. (Ed.). Aquatic insects of California. Univ. Calif. Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, IX + 508 pp.
Martin Spies
Schraemelstr. 151
D-81247 Muenchen
Germany